循环老化三元锂离子电池热失控气体毒性研究  

Research on toxicity of gases of thermal runaway released from ternary lithium-ion batteries featuring cyclic aging process

作　　者：张青松[1] 曲奕润 ZHANG Qingsong;QU Yirun(Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards Prevention and Emergency Response,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学民航热灾害防控与应急重点实验室,天津300300

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2024年第6期1761-1769,共9页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金民航联合基金重点支持项目(U2033204)。

摘　　要：为研究高能量密度锂离子电池循环老化过程中热失控特性变化及释放气体的毒性危害,对不同循环老化程度的三元锂离子电池进行热滥用实验,利用气体传感器阵列,基于有效剂量分数模型对热失控气体毒性危害进行定量分析。结果表明,高镍含量三元锂离子电池循环性能差,200次循环老化后,电池健康状态低于70%。老化电池更容易进入热失控状态,热失控反应更剧烈但释放能量少,释放气体燃烧效率低。在密闭空间内,电池热失控释放窒息性气体危害性比刺激性气体更高,150次循环老化电池的窒息性气体毒性累积效应比新鲜电池早638 s达到临界值1。随老化程度增加,最终电池的刺激性气体毒性即时效应与气体致死毒性即时效应降低,与新鲜电池相比,100次循环老化后,电池的刺激性气体毒性即时效应降低0.34,气体致死毒性即时效应降低0.19。研究结果可为老化电池安全性评估及热失控预警提供数据支撑。Thermal abuse experiments were carried out on ternary lithium-ion batteries with a range of cyclic aging degrees in order to investigate the changes in thermal runaway characteristics and the harmful effects of released gases during the cyclic aging process of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Additionally,a gas sensor array was used to carry out quantitative analysis on the toxicity of pyrolysis gases based on fraction model of effective dose.The results demonstrated that the ternary lithium-ion battery with high nickel content was equipped with poor cyclic performance since the health state of the battery was lower than 70%after 200 cycles of aging.Aging batteries tended to transform into a state of thermal runaway,which reacted more drastically with less energy released,consequently,the combustion efficiency of the released gas is low.The detriments of asphyxiating gases released during the thermal runaway of batteries were more harmful than irritating gases in a confined space,and the cumulative effect of asphyxiating gas toxicity of batteries after 150 times of cyclic aging process tended to reach the critical value,which is one,638 s earlier than fresh batteries.With the aging degree increasing,immediate toxic effects of irritant gases and immediate effects of gas lethal toxicity weakened.Compared with fresh batteries,immediate toxic effects of irritant gases after 100 times of cyclic aging process decreased by 0.34,and immediate effects of gas lethal toxicity decreased by 0.19.The study’s findings can offer data support for the assessment of safety and the aging process’s thermal runaway warning.

关 键 词：三元锂离子电池 热失控 循环老化 气体传感器阵列 气体毒性分析 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]