基于供需均衡分析的残疾人就业政策效果评估  

Effectiveness Assessment of Disability Employment Policies Based on Economic Supply and Demand

作　　者：廖耀华[1] 项小伟 LIAO Yaohua;XIANG Xiaowei

机构地区：[1]浙江工贸职业技术学院现代管理学院

出　　处：《新经济》2024年第6期91-104,共14页New Economy

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“乡村振兴背景下浙江省城乡高质量融合发展的机制与实现路径研究”(22NDJC341YBM)。

摘　　要：运用经济学供需均衡分析深入评估我国残疾人就业政策中的禁止就业歧视、合理便利、保障金制度和法定就业率等关键政策工具对劳动市场的影响。研究通过静态与动态模型比较,揭示了这些政策对残疾人与非残疾人工资率、就业量和社会剩余的短期与长期效应。结果显示,虽然保障金制度短期内对非残疾人产生负面影响,长期则可能提升市场包容性和经济效率。同时,研究指出政策变动初期市场调整不完全,导致自重损失和资源配置效率下降。最后从重视残疾人就业政策工具的组合效应、动态调整残疾人就业保障金制度、优化合理便利投入、平衡就业与社会福利等方面提出政策建议,以期促进残疾人的社会和经济融入。This research conducted a thorough analysis using economic supply and demand models on key policy tools in China’s disability employment policies,including the prohibition of employment discrimination,reasonable accommodation,statutory employment rates,and the disability employment guarantee fund system,examining their economic impact on the labor market.By comparing static and dynamic models,the study revealed the short-term and long-term effects of these policies on the wage rates,employment levels,and social surplus of disabled and non-disabled individuals.The results show that while the guarantee fund system has a negative impact on non-disabled individuals in the short term,it may enhance market inclusiveness and economic efficiency in the long term.Additionally,the study indicates that initial market adjustments to policy changes are incomplete,leading to deadweight losses and reduced efficiency in resource allocation.These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing disability employment policies and hold significant policy implications for promoting employment equality for disabled individuals.

关 键 词：就业政策 静态模型 动态模型 政策评估 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]