论康德理性的有限与无限  

On the Finity and Infinity of Kant’ Reason

作　　者：俸军 Feng Jun

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院 [2]厦门工学院

出　　处：《德国哲学》2023年第2期51-69,302,共20页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

摘　　要：在康德那里,有限的理性何以能够提出无限的理念?问题的关键在于:人作为有限的理性存在者,同时跨越于经验的和理智的两个领域,相应地人的理性能力在运用上也就具有不同维度的理解。在经验领域,人作为现象存在者,其理性能力是有限的、受制于自然因果必然性,因此无法提出无条件者、总体等纯粹理性概念;而在理智领域,人作为本体存在者,其理性能力是自足的、自主的、不受制于一切经验性条件,自身具有对无条件者、总体等纯粹理性概念的内在要求,它直接意识到并提出纯粹理性概念,就此而言它又是无限的。Why can the finite reason require the ideas?The key of this question is:A person which is a finite rational being,exists both in the field of experience and in the field of intelligence,and accordingly its rational ability may have distinct perspectives of its use.In the field of experience,the person is a being of phenomenon,and its rational ability is finite and subject to the natural causal necessity,so concepts of pure reason such as the unconditioned and the whole cannot be required.In the field of intelligence,the person is a being of noumenon,and its rational ability is self-sufficient,autonomic and not enslaved to all conditions of experience.The reason itself can require inherently pure concepts such as the unconditioned and the whole,and it can be immediately conscious of and require concepts of pure reason.

关 键 词：康德 纯粹理性 理念 有限 无限 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]