寒门子弟的高等教育经历研究——寒门幸运儿和双重贫困生的异质性视角  

A Study on Higher Education Experience of the Underprivileged Students:a Heterogeneous Perspective of the Privileged Poor and the Doubly Disadvantaged

作　　者：孙冉 史俊云 杜屏[2] Ran Sun;Junyun Shi;Ping Du(School of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430079 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第3期58-68,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：中央高校基本科研项目“寒门子弟上大学:基于异质性视角的分析”(项目号:CCNU23XJ042)的相关成果。

摘　　要：寒门子弟的高等教育经历表现话题长期存在二元对立的观点。本研究追溯高中教育经历,并分析其与高等教育环境间的连续性,丰富寒门背景对大学生综合表现的影响机制,以示范性普通高中机会获得将寒门子弟区分为寒门幸运儿和双重贫困生两类群体,同时与非寒门子弟在大学期间的学业成就、人际交往和毕业预期去向等高等教育经历方面进行全面比较。结果显示,寒门幸运儿和双重贫困生的学业成绩排名均显著优于非寒门大学生;寒门幸运儿有着不亚于非寒门大学生的人际交往表现,能尽快适应融入高校生活,而双重贫困生对人际交往更可能感到不适应,人际交往能力水平也更低;寒门幸运儿与非寒门大学生的毕业规划类似,即毕业后更可能继续深造,而双重贫困生则更可能直接就业。本研究的结论验证了寒门大学生内部的异质性,并肯定了通过家庭之外的文化资本补偿对寒门子弟突破家庭资本劣势的重要意义。The topic on higher education experience of the underprivileged student has long been viewed in a dichotomous manner.This study traces high school education experiences and analyzes their continuity with higher education environments,enriches the influence of the disadvantaged family background on the overall performance of college students,distinguishes students from poor families into two groups using access to demonstrative senior high schools-the privileged poor and the doubly disadvantaged,and then comprehensively compares them with students from rich families on multidimensional measures of higher education experience,such as academic performance,interpersonal interactions and graduation pathways.The results show that,in terms of academic performance,there was no significant difference in the CET4 scores of the three categories of students,while both the privileged poor and the doubly disadvantaged rank significantly better than the students from rich families;in terms of interpersonal interactions,the privileged poor has good interpersonal performance and can adapt to university life as soon as possible,while the doubly disadvantaged is more likely to have poor interpersonal interaction as well as school life,and lower level of interpersonal skills;in terms of graduation pathways,the privileged poor is more likely to pursue further studies like the students from rich families,while the doubly disadvantaged is more likely to go straight to work.The above findings validate the heterogeneity within the students from poor families and affirm the importance of cultural capital compensation gained through experiences outside of family for the students from poor families to break through their family capital disadvantage.

关 键 词：寒门子弟 寒门幸运儿 双重贫困生 学生发展 高等教育 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]