4%,达成还是超越?——从国际比较的视角观照我国财政性教育经费支出占GDP比重的适切性  

4%,Reaching or Surpassing?Viewing the Appropriateness of China's Financial Expenditure on Education as a Proportion of GDP from the Perspective of International Comparison

作　　者：张翼 苏凤仙 Yi Zhang;Fengxian Su(Institute of Educational Economics,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006;College of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育经济研究所,广州510006 [2]广州大学教育学院,广州510006

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第3期79-87,共9页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“超大特大城市随迁子女义务教育高质量发展的经费保障机制研究”(项目编号:72373033)。

摘　　要：教育经费充足是教育事业发展的有力保障,2012年我国财政性教育经费占国内生产总值的比例达到4.28%,其后十年该比例均保持在4%以上,给予教育事业极大的信心与保障。通过检视国内教育经费投入数据发现,我国财政性教育经费支出已显乏力,难以满足教育强国建设高质量教育体系的需求。通过国际数据比较发现,我国与经济发展水平相近的俄罗斯和墨西哥相比,无论是公共教育支出占GDP的比例还是生均教育投入,均处于中间水平,与OECD部分国家相比,尚存在较大差距。在结合国际比较分析后推断:未来我国人均GDP突破2万美元时,财政性教育经费支出比例至少提高到4.8%才能达到OECD平均的教育财政投入水平,倘若人均GDP达到3万美元的经济发展水平,财政性教育经费支出比例应至少达到5%。Adequate funding for education is a powerful guarantee for the development of education.In 2012,China's financial expenditure on education accounted for 4.28%of GDP,and in the following ten years,the proportion has remained above 4%,which has given great confidence in and guaranteed the education cause.A review of domestic education investment data shows that China's financial expenditure on education has been weak,and it is difficult to meet the demand for a high-quality education system and building a leading country in education.Comparison of international data with similar levels of economic development such as Russia and Mexico found that,China is at an intermediate level in terms of both public education spending as a percentage of GDP and per capita education investment.Also,compared with some of the OECD countries,there is still a large gap.After combining international comparative analysis,it is inferred that:in the future,when China's per capita GDP exceeds 20,000 U.S.dollars,the proportion of fiscal education expenditure will be increased to at least 4.8%in order to reach the OECD average level of financial investment in education;if the per capita GDP reaches the level of 30,000 U.S.dollars of economic development,the proportion of fiscal expenditure on education should reach at least 5%.

关 键 词：财政性教育经费 4% 国际比较 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]