北京市室内灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源及人群健康风险研究  

Pollution characteristics,sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dust of Beijing,China

作　　者：付思琪 陈玉萍[1] 黄玉琪 曾源 陈社军 FU Siqi;CHEN Yuping;HUANG Yuqi;ZENG Yuan;CHEN Shejun(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety,School of Environment,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学环境学院广东省化学品污染与环境安全重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《地球化学》2024年第3期330-338,共9页Geochimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771530、42077365);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目(2021A1515110400)联合资助。

摘　　要：多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类典型的持久性有机污染物,对人体具有致癌和致突变的毒性效应。室内灰尘是PAHs的载体之一,也是人群暴露于PAHs环境的重要介质。然而,目前关于室内灰尘中PAHs的定量源解析研究较少,不同来源的PAHs对于人群暴露风险的差异仍不清晰,限制了对室内PAHs暴露风险的系统认识。本研究采集并分析了北京城区和郊区室内灰尘中的PAHs。结果表明,郊区室内灰尘中PAHs的浓度(0.458~6.75μg/g,中值为4.55μg/g)显著高于城区(0.641~10.8μg/g,中值为2.79μg/g),4环PAHs是主要的污染物类型。煤和生物质燃烧以及机动车尾气排放是城区和郊区室内灰尘中PAHs的主要来源。此外,郊区室内灰尘中的PAHs还来自工厂排放。郊区灰尘中煤和生物质燃烧来源的PAHs贡献程度(62.5%)远高于城区(48.3%)。北京市人群暴露于室内灰尘中,PAHs诱发的患癌风险整体较低,机动车尾气排放的PAHs比其他来源具有更高的患癌风险,工厂排放的PAHs对郊区居民健康的影响也需引起关注。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)are a typical class of persistent organic pollutants with carcinogenic and mutagenic toxic effects on humans.Indoor dust is considered to be a significant carrier of PAHs and an important environmental medium for human exposure to PAHs.However,studies focusing on the quantitative source apportionment of PAHs in indoor dust are rare,and the source-specific health risk of PAHs induced by dust exposure is poorly documented.In this study,dust samples in urban and suburban areas of Beijing were collected,and their PAHs contents were analyzed using the GC-MS method.The results showed that the concentrations of PAHs in suburban dust(0.458μg/g to 6.75μg/g,median 4.55μg/g)are significantly higher than those in urban areas(0.641μg/g to 10.8μg/g,median 2.79μg/g),and 4-ring PAHs are the dominant species of PAHs in both areas.Coal and biomass combustion and vehicle emissions are the primary sources of PAHs in indoor dust in urban and suburban areas,and factories in suburban areas also contribute to the PAHs in the dust.In suburban dust,the contribution of PAHs from the sources of coal and biomass combustion is much higher(62.5%)than that in urban areas(48.3%).The risk of PAHs-induced cancer related to indoor dust exposure in Beijing is generally low.Cancer risk related to PAHs emitted from vehicles is higher than other sources.The influence of PAHs from factory emissions on the health of suburban residents also should be considered.

关 键 词：室内灰尘 多环芳烃 来源解析 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X142