“私教”还是“枪手”:基于大模型的计算机实践教学探索  

Tutor or impostor: Exploring computer practice teaching based on large language models

作　　者：李清勇[1] 耿阳李敖 彭文娟 王繁 竺超今[3] LI Qingyong;GENG Yangiao;PENG Wenjuan;WANG Fan;ZHU Chaojin(School of Computer Science and Technology,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Higher Education,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100034,China;School of Undergraduate,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100044 [2]教育部高等教育司课程教材与实验室处,北京100034 [3]北京交通大学本科生院,北京100044

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第5期1-8,共8页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：教育部“重点领域机器学习与算法课程群虚拟教研室”(教高厅函[2023]22号)。

摘　　要：以大模型为代表的新一代人工智能技术正深刻影响传统教学模式。在计算机实践教学过程中,如果大模型被合理应用,它可以充当学生的“私教”,辅助学生的个性化学习;否则大模型可能沦为学生完成作业的“枪手”,削弱学生的独立思考及实践能力。该文首先论述了计算机实践教学的层次,并分析了大模型对各个层次实践教学的正面和负面影响。然后,以“算法设计与分析”课程为案例,设计了面向算法设计实践的大模型应用模式,包括过程报告、逆向思考和集中考核等主要形式,初步应用结果表明,84.8%的学生在课程中使用大模型,其中51%的学生认可大模型的帮助作用,大模型应用显著提高了课程实践作业的完成度。[Objective]Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated remarkable performance in various fields,including natural language understanding,multimodal generation,and human–computer interaction.These advancements have led to profound changes in conventional educational paradigms,particularly in computer-related education.LLMs can serve as“personalized tutors”for students,tailoring their educational journey to meet each student’s unique needs.However,the improper use of LLMs may lead students to rely too much on them,potentially diminishing their independent thinking and practical skills.This study elucidates the nuanced influence of LLMs on computer practice teaching,including the promise they hold and the challenges they pose.[Methods]This paper elaborates on the landscape of computer practice education,dissecting it into five levels:course experiments,course design,graduation projects,professional internships,and extracurricular and social engagement.Each level plays a critical role in the holistic development of students’skills and knowledge.This exploration continues with an in-depth examination of the working principles and core technologies of LLMs,demonstrating their advantages over traditional AI techniques in terms of content generation,logical reasoning,and domain adaptation capabilities.Based on these advantages,this study analyzes how LLMs can revolutionize computer practice teaching.It depicts a dual-edged sword:on the one hand,LLMs can act as an inexhaustible repository of knowledge,offer real-time,intelligent guidance,and provide personalized teaching services.However,they can engender a culture of cheating,foster cognitive inertia,and introduce cognitive biases among learners.[Results]The narrative is further enriched by a case study of the“Algorithm Design and Analysis”course taught by the authors,highlighting the tangible benefits and challenges of integrating LLMs into practical education.This course is the cornerstone of computer science education and serves as an ideal backdrop for

关 键 词：大模型 实践教学 算法设计 在线程序评测 代码生成 

分 类 号：TP34[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构] G642[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]