确定论、决定论和命定论及其与自由的关系  

Determinism,Decidism and Fatalism and Their Relationship with Freedom

作　　者：刘清平 Liu Qingping

机构地区：[1]武汉传媒学院电影与电视学院 [2]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院

出　　处：《天津社会科学》2024年第3期78-85,175,共9页Tianjin Social Sciences

摘　　要：西方主流学界在坚持自由与必然的二元对立架构时,往往将确定论、决定论和命定论不加辨析地混为一谈。其实,这三种理论虽然都是围绕一定如此的必然展开的,彼此间却存在微妙而深刻的差异:确定论单纯从认知视角描述了事实自身的一定如此因素;决定论从认知视角指认了因果关联中的权重因素并从非认知视角指认了人们的自主决定;命定论则在决定论基础上从非认知视角突显了不能抗力因素对于自由追求的影响。更重要的是,只有三种因素的负面价值才会阻碍人们的自由追求,它们的正面价值则会促成人们的自由追求。所以,无论基于哪一种因素,我们都无法证明自由和必然是势不两立的。The western mainstream academic circles often confuse determinism,decidism and fatalism without discrimination when they adhere to the dichotomy between freedom and necessity.In fact,although all of these three theories discuss the issue of certainty or necessity,there are subtle and profound differences among them:determinism describes the certain factors of facts themselves from a purely cognitive perspective,decidism identifies the weight factors in causality from a cognitive perspective and human autonomous determinants from a non-cognitive perspective,and fatalism further highlights the influence of force majeure factors on the pursuit of freedom from a non-cognitive perspective on the basis of determinism.More importantly,only the negative values contained in the three factors will hinder people’s pursuit of freedom,while their positive values will promote people’s pursuit of freedom.Therefore,no matter based on which factor,we cannot prove that freedom and necessity are irreconcilable.

关 键 词：确定论 决定论 命定论 必然 自由 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]