定量转换函数在人类世湖泊水环境变化研究中的应用  

Application of Quantitative Transfer Functions to the Study of Anthropocene Lake Aquatic Environmental Change

作　　者：孙信尧() 张科 林琪 沈吉() SUN Xinyao;ZHANG Ke;LIN Qi;SHEN Ji(School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第5期504-518,共15页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42230507)资助。

摘　　要：近现代(1950年)以来,全球湖泊系统普遍面临水生态环境挑战,利用转换函数可定量重建湖泊水环境自然基线和演化历史,评估人类活动的影响程度并为生态修复提供合理目标。从转换函数构建及应用的基本流程入手,围绕pH值、总磷、溶氧量、透明度、水位、盐度和温度这几种水环境参数,综合梳理了生物—湖泊水环境定量转换函数在人类世湖泊流域中的典型应用案例,从不同角度考察了湖泊自然水生态环境受人类扰动而发生改变的速率、幅度以及演化过程与机制。最后,讨论了定量转换函数方法目前存在的不足,并从新载体开发和多指标体系构建、大样本训练集和机器学习、加强生物指标的现代生态学研究以及转换函数与生态系统模型的结合4个方面,针对性地提出几点展望,以进一步提升转换函数性能,并扩大其应用范围,为后续研究提供参考。Global lake systems have been facing ubiquitous aquatic environmental challenges since 1950.The baseline and changing history of lake aquatic environments can be reconstructed by quantitative transfer functions,which aids in the assessment of the degree of human impact on lake ecosystems and in setting practical targets for ecological restoration.The basic processes of developing and applying quantitative transfer functions are first introduced.Then,typical case studies from various lake catchments are comprehensively summarized to elaborate on the application of quantitative transfer functions based on sedimentary subfossils to reconstruct lake aquatic environmental parameters.These parameters include water pH,total phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,transparency,water level,salinity,and temperature.The rate and magnitude of deviation from natural baselines due to anthropogenic disturbances,changing trajectories,and underlying mechanisms in typical lake environments in the Anthropocene were examined from multiple perspectives.Finally,constraints and prospects for lake transfer functions are discussed from the following aspects:developing new indicators and a multi-proxy approach,improving training sets with larger sample sizes and machine learning,improving modern ecological studies of biological indicators,and combining transfer functions with ecosystem modeling to further improve the quality of transfer functions and enlarge application fields to provide scientific references and guidance for future research.

关 键 词：湖泊水环境 湖泊沉积 转换函数 定量重建 环境演化 人类世 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] P941.78[天文地球—地球物理学]