国家建构、政治文化与政治危机——中东国家政治现代化的三维考量  

State-Building,Political Culture,and Political Crisis:A Three-Dimensional Consideration of Political Modernization in Middle East Countries

作　　者：韩志斌[1] 马云飞 Han Zhibin;Ma Yunfei

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2024年第3期31-55,172,共26页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2023年度重大招标项目“中东史学通史(五卷本)”(23VLS027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中东国家的现代化在世界现代化历程中独具特色,从国家建构、政治文化和政治危机3个维度可以探究中东国家政治现代化的历史经纬、文化机理和面临的挑战。中东国家在政治现代化的启动、演进和探索过程中,以伊斯兰政治文化、强人政治文化、部落主义政治文化等为主要内容的传统政治文化一直是影响这些国家政治现代化的风向标,而以阿拉伯民族主义、阿拉伯社会主义、伊斯兰中间主义等为主要内容的现代政治文化则是反映中东国家政治现代化质量和水平的“晴雨表”。中东国家政治现代化面临着国家认同、政治整合、政策贯彻、民众参与、政治分配、政治合法性等六重危机与挑战。因此,中东国家只有跳出西方政治模式的“窠白”,以自身国情民意为基础,才能走出一条独具特色的政治现代化发展道路。The modernization of the Middle East countries has unique characteristics in the process of world modernization.From the three dimensions of state-building,political culture,and political crisis,we can explore the historical context,cultural mechanisms,and challenges of the political modernization of Middle Eastern countries.After going through the preliminary preparations,logical starting points and development dilemmas of state-building,the Middle Eastern countries began the process of initiating,evolving and exploring the political modernization.In this process,the traditional political culture with Islamic political culture,strongman political culture,and tribalism political culture as the main contents has always been the vane of influencing the political modernization of Middle Eastern countries,while the modern political culture with Arab nationalism,Arab socialism,and Islam centrism as the main contents reflects the"barometer"of the quality and level of the political modernization of Middle Eastern countries.The political modernization of Middle Eastern countries faces six crises and challenges,including national identity,political integration,policy implementation,popular participation,political distribution,and political legitimacy.Therefore,only by breaking out of the"stereotypes"of the Western political model and basing themselves on their own national conditions and public opinion will the Middle Eastern countries explore unique path of political modernization and development.

关 键 词：政治现代化 中东 国家建构 政治文化 政治危机 

分 类 号：D737.9[政治法律—政治学]