西方汉学视阈下的中国道教研究  

On the Taoism Studies in Western Sinology

作　　者：陈建明 Chen Jianming

机构地区：[1]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2024年第3期4-21,M0003,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西方汉学家与传教士视野中的中国道教形象与性质研究”(19JJD730002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西方人对中国道教的考察和研究是西方汉学的重要组成部分."道家"与"道教"的概念虽有区别,但在汉学研究领域可以用"道教"涵盖"道家".从13世纪末马可·波罗来中国游历至今,西方汉学对道教的考察和研究已持续8个世纪.根据研究队伍的更替和研究方法的变化,这一进程可分为游记汉学时期(13世纪末—1579)、耶稣会汉学时期(1579-1807)、近代多元汉学时期(1807-1945)和现代专业汉学时期(1945年至今).中国游记的作者不完全符合汉学家的身份,对道教的认识很肤浅.耶稣会士搜集研读了大量道教文献,但对道家持贬斥态度.近代多元汉学研究队伍由耶稣会士、基督新教传教士和专业汉学家组成.西方现代专业汉学家关注中国的历史与现实,对道教的研究既有深度也有广度,取得丰硕成果.西方的道教研究促进了中国传统文化在海外的传播,深刻地影响了西方社会的中国观.The study of Chinese Taoism in the West has long been a focal point of Western Sinology.While terms like"the Taoist School"and"Taoism"ccarry nuanced distinctions,Western sinologists commonly use the term"Taoism,"which encompasses the concept of the"Taoist School."Since Marco Polo's journey to China in the late 13th century,Western sinologists have dedicated over eight centuries to the study of Taoism.Through generational shifts among sinologists and methodological advancements,the history of Taoism study by Western scholars can be divided into four distinct periods:the Travelogue Period(late 13th century to 1579),the Jesuit Period(1579-1807),the Diversity Period(1807-1945),and the Professional Period(1945-present).During the Travelogue Period,Western travelers to China lacked the expertise of seasoned sinologists,resulting in superficial understandings of Taoism.While the Jesuits amassed and studied a significant volume of Taoist literature,they generally maintained a negative stance toward Taoism.Throughout the Diversity Period,including the involvement of Jesuits,Protestant missionaries,and professional sinologists,Taoism study gained momentum.In the Professional Period,professional sinologists have produced extensive research marked by comprehensive analyses,owing to their balanced examination of both historical contexts and contemporary realities in China.The study of Taoism in the West has facilitated the dissemination of traditional Chinese culture abroad and profoundly influenced Western perceptions of China.

关 键 词：西方汉学 中国观 道教 文化交流 

分 类 号：B95[哲学宗教—宗教学]