广西糯玉米品种种质构成及穗部性状选育探讨  

Study on Germplasm Composition and Spike Traits Breeding of Waxy Maize Varieties in Guangxi

作　　者：韦林汕 侯青光 黄柄壬 卢亚妮 韦贵剑 李宏滇 韦佳毅 蔡理文 韦敏超 韦成鲜 WEI Lin-shan;HOU Qing-guang;HUANG Bing-ren;LU Ya-ni;WEI Gui-jian;LI Hong-dian;WEI Jia-yi;CAI Li-wen;WEI Min-chao;WEI Cheng-xian(Guangxi Hechi Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Hechi 547000;Guangxi Yizhou Plant Protection Station,Hechi 547000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区河池市农业科学研究所,广西河池547000 [2]广西壮族自治区河池市宜州区植保站,广西河池547000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第3期14-19,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目“高产优质广适鲜食糯玉米新品种选育”(桂科AB21238012);国家现代农业产业技术体系“广西玉米创新团队河池市综合试验站建设项目”(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-04-06)。

摘　　要：对2011-2022年广西审定的173个糯玉米品种进行分析,研究广西糯玉米品种种质来源、构成,探析品种选育路径。结果表明,广西糯玉米主要种质由A(宜山糯)类、B(京科糯2000)类、C(万糯2000)类、D(燕禾金2000)类、E(中糯1号)类、F(中糯2号)类、G(衡白522)类、H(华珍)类、I(花甜糯179)类、J(NA群体)类、K(NB群体)类等11类种质构成,A、B类种质是广西糯玉米品种的基础种质。根据亲本主要种质类型,排除年份间的环境变化因素,可将93个品种归入AB等15个群组。各群组穗部性状相关分析表明,穗行数、穗粗与产量及其他穗部性状分别呈显著负效应及无显著效应,群组相关性受到种质组合及组配模式共同影响,通常情况下种质组合的影响力更强,涉及F类种质的群组则相反。因此,穗部性状选育重点要根据亲本主要种质类型确定。In order to understand the germplasm source and composition of waxy maize varieties in Guangxi over the past 12 years,and to explore the breeding paths of these varieties,an analysis was conducted on 173 waxy maize varieties approved in Guangxi from 2011 to 2022.The results showed that the main germplasm of waxy maize in Guangxi was composed of 11 categories of germplasm,including A(Yishannuo),B(Jingkenuo2000),C(Wannuo2000),D(Yanhejin2000),E(Zhongnuo 1),F(Zhongnuo 2),G(Hengbai522),H(Huazhen),I(Huatiannuo179),J(NA population)and K(NB population).The A and B germplasms are basic germplasms of waxy maize varieties in Guangxi.Based on the main germplasm types of parents,after excluding the environmental factors between years,93 varieties could be classified into 15 groups,such as A and B.The correlation analysis of yield and ear traits showed that,overall,the row number per ear,ear diameter and yield and other ear traits showed significant negative effects and no obvious effect respectively.The expression of significantly related trait combinations in groups is affected by the germplasm combination and the matching pattern.Generally,the influence of germplasm combinations is stronger,but the group involving F germplasm is the opposite.Therefore,the breeding focus of ear traits should be determined based on the main germplasm types of the parents.

关 键 词：糯玉米 种质构成 种质组合 组配模式 

分 类 号：S513.024[农业科学—作物学]