LED灯对鲻刺网捕获效率及副渔获物组成的影响  

Effect of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)on catch efficiency and bycatches in grey mullet(Mugil cephalus)gillnet fishery

作　　者：窦一麟 于梦杰 刘淑德 唐衍力[1] DOU Yilin;YU Mengjie;LIU Shude;TANG Yanli(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Fisheries Development and Resources Conservation Center,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第3期356-367,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：山东近海渔业资源调查与监测项目(37000023P11002710002C)。

摘　　要：为探究LED灯对鲻(Mugil cephalus)刺网捕获效率及副渔获物组成的影响,于2023年5—6月在荣成北部海域使用布设5种不同光色(红、白、黄、蓝、绿)和3组不同数量(2、4、6盏)LED灯的三重刺网进行捕捞实验。以单位捕捞努力量渔获数量(CPUE)和单位捕捞努力量渔获重量(WPUE)为指标,采用广义线性混合效应模型(GLMM)评估LED灯对鲻捕获效率的影响。结果表明,LED灯会对鲻捕获效率产生显著影响,且不同光色和数量对鲻捕获效率的影响存在差异。对比不同光色的LED灯,绿色LED灯效果最佳,与未布设LED灯的对照网相比,布设2、4、6盏绿灯的实验网鲻CPUE分别显著提高了50.72%、97.46%和98.07%(P<0.05),WPUE分别显著提高了39.38%、80.54%和84.63%(P<0.05),其中,布设4盏和6盏LED灯的实验网鲻单位捕捞努力渔获数量(CPUE)和单位捕捞努力渔获重量(WPUE)差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验网与对照网捕获鲻的体长分布均无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时,布设LED灯提高了花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)等副渔获物的捕获效率;特定光色的LED灯有助于减少副渔获物中花鲈和许氏平鲉的幼鱼比例。研究认为,绿色LED灯在鲻刺网中具有较好的应用前景。本研究可为LED灯在鲻刺网渔业中的合理应用提供参考。Gillnet fisheries targeting grey mullets Mugil cephalus are an important part of small-scale fisheries in the coastal areas of China.However,in fishery production,the catch efficiency of gray mullet is low and the number of catches is out of proportion to the fishing effort,which leads to a low economic benefit for the fishery.Improving the catch efficiency of gray mullets has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved.In recent years,light-emitting diodes(LEDs)have been widely used to improve the catch efficiency of target species.It mainly uses the phototaxis of the target species to attract,gather,and trap fish.Many studies have shown that the gray mullet has phototaxis and may have different phototaxis for different lights.Therefore,the application of LEDs in gray mullet gillnet fisheries may effectively improve catch efficiency;however,their specific impact needs to be systematically assessed.In this study,sea trials were conducted in the northern sea area of Rongcheng from May to June 2023 to test the effects of different LED light colors(red,white,yellow,blue,and green)and amount(2,4,6)on the catch efficiency of gray mullet.A total of 1549 specimens of grey mullet were caught.The generalized linear mixed effect model(GLMM)was used to evaluate the effect of LEDs on the catch efficiency of gray mullets.When building the model,CPUE(catch amount per unit of fishing effort)and WPUE(catch weight per unit of fishing effort)were taken as dependent variables,LED color and quantity as fixed effects,and voyage time as random effects,according to the Akaike Information Criterion(AIC)and Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC),to judge the fitting degree of the normal,gamma,Poisson,and negative binomial distributions.The gamma distribution was selected as the optimal fit to analyze the influence of LED color and quantity influence the catch efficiency of gray mullets.Compared with LEDs of different light colors,the CPUE of mullet with 2/4/6 green lights significantly increased by 50.72%,97.46%,and 98.07%,whereas the

关 键 词：LED灯 刺网 鲻 捕获效率 副渔获物 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运]