曾皙言志的真义与孔子“与点”的真相  

Expression of Aspiration and the Truth of Confucius'Appreciation of Zeng Dian

作　　者：陈志扬[1] Chen Zhiyang

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2024年第2期75-94,共20页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科重大基金项目“中国古代文体观念文献整理与研究”(18ZDA236)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古代探讨曾皙之志主要有四种说法:祭祀求雨说以古文献为依据,赋曾点志礼的实践品格,合乎孔子为政的理想;守道隐世说截取了《论语》中孔子一时的情绪,切合知识分子怀才不遇的感伤心态;体悟天理说试图通过曾晳述志的平台,阐释儒者要时刻体悟天理,从而实现人生境界的提升;憧憬盛世说对曾点志作积极解读,演绎《论语》中孔子精神的主轴,切合知识分子用世心态及终极关怀。以上解法皆有学理依据,也存在多少不一的问题。曾点的暮春郊游描绘本无甚意味,后世往往将孔、曾二人志向混为一谈,从而赋予曾点志以种种有意义的解读。孔子“与点”实则与心中的理想,他最早赋曾点无意义的述志以意义。将曾点述志理解为对太平盛世的憧憬是孔子“与点”的真相,也是此闭合文本的编撰者期望传达给后世读者的。被孔子赋予意义的曾点志与孔子关于群体社会的论述形成互补关系,拓展了孔子社会理论的内涵。There are four main interpretations of Zeng's aspiration in ancient times:the opinion of offering sacrifices to pray for rain,based on ancient literature,links practice character of Zeng Dian to the Confucius'ideals of governance;the opinion of adherence the Tao and reclusion,intercepting Confucius'momentary emotion in the Analects of Confucius,fits in with intellectuals'sentimental mentality of remaining unrecognized;the opinion of understanding the principles of heaven tries to explain that Confucians should always understand the principles of heaven through Zeng's aspiration,so as to realize the improvement of the realm of life;the opinion of looking forward to a flourishing age has a positive interpretation of Zeng's aspiration,interpreting them in line with the main axis of Confucius'spirit in the Analects of Confucius,and which is in line with the mentality of intellectuals and their ultimate concern for the world.The above interpretations all have theoretical basis,but there are some different problems.The description of Zeng Dian's late spring outing has little meaning,but later generations tend to confuse the aspirations of Confucius and Zeng,and thus giving Zeng Dian'aspiration with various meaningful interpretations.Confucius'"appreciation of Zeng Dian"is in fact the reflection of his ideals,and he was the first to give meaning to the meaningless statement of Zeng's aspiration.Understanding Zeng's aspiration as a longing for a peaceful and prosperous world is the truth of Confucius'"appreciation of Zeng Dian,"and it is also what the author of this closed text wants to convey to the readers of future generations.Zeng'aspiration,which was endowed with meaning by Confucius,formed a complementary relationship with Confucius'discussion on group society and expanded the connotation of Confucius'social theory.

关 键 词：《论语》 孔子 曾晳 与点 盛世 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学] I26[文学—中国文学]