汉语祈使句的三类强调标记及其强调机制  

On Three Kinds of Emphatic Markers and Their Mechanisms in Chinese Imperatives

作　　者：魏政 Wei Zheng(School of Foreign Languages and Literature,Hunan Institute of Science and Technology,Yueyang 414000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南理工学院外国语言文学学院,湖南岳阳414000

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第4期77-82,共6页Modern Chinese

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目“汉语情态助动词否定不对称现象研究”(22B0688);教育部人文社会科学基金项目“事件语义学框架下英汉语动词领域的有定性研究”(19YJC740102);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“汉语情态词连用的句法和语义研究”(22YJC740083)。

摘　　要：汉语祈使句的显性强调标记主要包括三类形式:强化副词、话语标记和道义情态助动词。这三类强调标记不仅在语法分布、使用条件等方面存在差异,而且实现强调的机制也不相同。强化副词既要求祈使句内容在当前语境中能够实现,还要求在所有相关可能情景中实现。话语标记通过重构会话双方权势关系,以增强说话人的权威性,表达更为强烈的主观性。道义情态助动词则增加了客观性道义情态的要求,使得祈使句同时具有客观性和主观性的双重要求。There are three kinds of overt emphatic markers in Chinese imperatives:intensification adverbs,discourse marker and deontic modal verbs.These emphatic markers differ in use conditions and grammatical distributions such as occurrence constraints in positive and negative imperatives,co-occurrence with each other.In addition,their emphatic mechanisms are also different.Intensification adverbs not only require the content of imperatives to be realized in utterance context,but also in all possible context related.Discourse marker shows a stronger subjectivity by reconstructing and strengthening the speaker’s authority status in discourse.Deontic modal verbs introduce modal requirements with objectivity to imperatives,thus showing a double performative property of objectivity and subjectivity.

关 键 词：祈使句 强化副词 话语标记 助动词 道义情态 强调机制 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]