制造刘伯温:刘基形象构建与传播刍议  

Deifying Liu Bowen:On the Construction and Dissemination of Liu Ji's Image

作　　者：吕杨[1] Lyu Yang

机构地区：[1]常州大学周有光文学院

出　　处：《常州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期78-97,共20页Journal of Changzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“晚明江南社会治安研究”(15BZS061)。

摘　　要：明代开国文臣刘基在民众心目中是神机妙算、无所不知,才能不逊于张良、诸葛亮的高大形象。事实上,刘基只是朱元璋创业和开国时期众多幕僚之一,在世时宦海沉浮并不得志。刘基去世后,由于他是唯一未遭政治清算的开国伯爵,且具备天文知识,故成为史家拔高、吹捧朱元璋的最佳陪衬人选。基于此原因,明代史家对刘基的传记书写刻意模仿《史记·留侯世家》的书写模式,受三国文化影响,又融入了大量三国文化元素。此类历史书写模式,虽然使刘基迅速登上神坛,并为民众所接受,但却导致刘基的历史叙述严重失真。特别是在明清野史、民间传说穿凿附会、层累叠加下,经浙籍官员推波助澜,被官方有意制造的刘伯温形象通过小说、话本、戏剧等文学形式进行传播,使刘基历史地位陡升,但元末明初文学家刘基的历史事迹却早已失去本来面貌。时至今日,民间只知制造出的刘伯温,而不知历史上真实的刘基。In the eyes of the public,Liu Ji,who helped Zhu Yuanzhang to establish the Ming Dynasty,is portrayed as a brilliant and omniscient figure.His talents rival those of Zhang Liang and Zhuge Liang.In fact,Liu Ji was merely one of Zhu Yuanzhang's many aides and counsellors during the latter's rise to power and establishment of the Ming Dynasty,and he experienced an unsuccessful official career.After his death,Liu Ji became the ideal figure for historians to enhance Zhu Yuanzhang's image,as he was the only founding Earl who had not suffered political liquidation and possessed astronomical knowledge.Consequently,historians in the Ming Dynasty deliberately modeled Liu Ji's biographies after the Records of the Grand Historian:Liu Hou Family.Influenced by the culture of the Three Kingdoms,they also incorporated numerous cultural elements from the Three Kingdoms.Although this kind of historical writing mode rapidly deified Liu Ji and gained popular acceptance,it led to serious distortion of Liu Ji's historical narratives.Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,unofficial history and folklores,often influenced by Zhejiang-native officials,perpetuated the official image of Liu Bowen through novels,storybooks,dramas and other literary forms.This significantly elevated Liu Ji's historical status,but the true historical deeds of Liu Ji,the literary figure from the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties,had already lost their original appearance.Today,the public only knows the fabricated image of Liu Bowen,not the real historical figure Liu Ji.

关 键 词：刘基 朱元璋 《史记》 《三国演义》 浙籍官员 

分 类 号：K827[历史地理—历史学] K248[文化科学—传播学] G206[文学—中国文学] I207