运动锻炼对抗太空失重性心肌萎缩的研究进展  

Research Progress on Exercise to Combat Space Microgravity Induced Myocardial Atrophy

作　　者：汪毅 江宇豪 王勇[1] WANG Yi;JIANG Yuhao;WANG Yong(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872 [2]四川大学,四川成都100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2024年第4期29-38,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY029)。

摘　　要：目的:从失重引起的心肌萎缩和运动促进生理性心肌肥大角度出发,探索失重对机体造成的损伤以及寻找对抗这些危害的策略。方法:在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库以“运动”“运动锻炼”“失重”“微重力”“心肌萎缩”“心肌肥大”等为检索词,检索与分析相关文献,对失重引起心肌萎缩的基本症状和发病机制以及运动锻炼促进心肌生理性重塑的临床效果和可能的生物学机制进行综述。结果:1)失重及模拟失重会引起心肌萎缩;2)失重引起心肌萎缩的可能机制包括神经内分泌失调、代谢水平下降和血流动力学负荷下降等生理机制,以及Ca^(2+)释放紊乱、蛋白降解系统激活和CKIP-1途径激活等分子机制;3)运动锻炼可以促进生理性心肌肥大,微重力环境下的运动锻炼应以抗阻+有氧模式为主;4)运动锻炼可通过eNOS/NO、IGF1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR以及AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR等多种分子途径介导生理性心肌重塑。结论:推荐将运动锻炼作为对抗失重环境引起的心肌萎缩的治疗措施。Objective:This article starts from the perspective of myocardial atrophy caused by weightlessness and physiological myocardial hypertrophy promoted by exercise,in order to explore the damage caused by weightlessness to the body and find strategies to combat these hazards.Methods:By searching and analyzing relevant literature on databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science using keywords such as“exercise”,“take exercise”,“weightlessness”,“microgravity”,“myocardial atrophy”,and“myocardial hypertrophy”,the basic symptoms and pathogenesis of myocardial atrophy caused by weightlessness,as well as the clinical effects and possible biological mechanisms of exercise in promoting myocardial physiological remodeling,were reviewed.Results:1)Weightlessness and simulated weightlessness can cause myocardial atrophy;2)the possible mechanisms of myocardial atrophy caused by weightlessness include physiological mechanisms such as neuroendocrine disorders,decreased metabolic levels,decreased hemodynamic load,and molecular mechanisms such as disrupted Ca^(2+)release,activation of protein degradation systems,and the CKIP-1 pathway;3)exercise can promote physiological myocardial hypertrophy,and exercise in a microgravity environment should mainly focus on resistance with aerobic mode;4)exercise can be achieved through eNOS/NO,IGF1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR,and AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR and other molecular pathways mediate physiological myocardial remodeling.Conclusions:It is recommended to use exercise as an antagonistic treatment for myocardial atrophy caused by weightlessness.

关 键 词：航天 微重力 失重 运动锻炼 心肌萎缩 心肌肥大 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]