金沙江干热河谷区土壤侵蚀时空演变及其定量归因分析:以云南楚雄元谋地区为例  

Spatial-temporal Variations of Soil Erosion and Quantitative Attribution Analysis in the Dry-hot Valleys of the Jinsha River:A Case Study of Yuanmou County,Yunnan

作　　者：魏总 杨朝磊 田瑜峰 杨金江 黄勇[1,2] 和峰 朱志平 WEI Zong;YANG Chaolei;TIAN Yufeng;YANG Jinjiang;HUANG Yong;HE Feng;ZHU Zhiping(Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunnan 650100,China;Yunnan Provincial Field Science Observation and Research Station on the Evolution of Soil and Water Resources and the Carbon Sequestration Enhancement Effects in the Alpine Gorge Area of the Jinsha River,Chuxiong,Yunnan 651400,China;Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink Engineering Technology Innovation Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650100,China;Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心,云南昆明650100 [2]金沙江高山峡谷区水土资源演化与固碳增汇效应云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南楚雄651400 [3]自然生态系统碳汇工程技术创新中心,云南昆明650100 [4]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055

出　　处：《现代地质》2024年第3期683-693,共11页Geoscience

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“云南中北部干热河谷区土壤侵蚀调查监测与评价”(DD20220888);国家自然科学基金项目(U2102209,42271094);中国科学院碳达峰碳中和生态环境技术专项(RCEES-TDZ-2021-10);中国科学院城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLURE2022-2-6)。

摘　　要：金沙江干热河谷区土壤侵蚀的时空演变对于生态安全和下游水利水电的安全运行具有重要的意义。本文基于GIS技术和RUSLE模型分析区内云南省元谋县2015—2021年土壤侵蚀时空变化特征,利用地理探测器模型定量分析影响元谋县土壤侵蚀分布格局的主导因子。结果表明:(1)2015—2021年研究区年均土壤侵蚀模数与土壤侵蚀总量整体呈减小趋势,期间土壤侵蚀模数降幅为16.53%。(2)土壤侵蚀空间分异显著,基本特点为北高南低,集中分布在金沙江沿岸。从侵蚀强度看,微度和轻度侵蚀所占面积在95%以上,其它侵蚀面积较小。(3)2015—2021年,元谋县土壤侵蚀强度较高的区域有向微度侵蚀转化的趋势,表明近年来区域退耕还林还草、小流域水土流失治理等工程的实施一定程度上缓解了水土流失强度。(4)坡度为影响元谋县土壤侵蚀分布格局的主导因子,其解释力最强(25.66%)。金沙江沿岸、1200~1800 m高程带、>25°坡度带、30%~40%植被盖度带是土壤侵蚀的高风险区,可加强这些区域的生态恢复及水土保持措施建设。The temporal and spatial evolution of soil erosion in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River is of great significance for ecological safety and safe operations of downstream water conservancy and hydropower.We analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion using GIS technology and RUSLE model in Yuanmou County,Yunnan,from 2015 to 2021.The main factors affecting the distribution pattern of soil erosion in Yuanmou County were ide.pngied by using the geographical detector model.The results showed that(1)the average annual soil erosion modulus and total soil erosion show decreasing trends from 2015 to 2021,and the soil erosion modulus was decreased by 16.53%during the period.(2)The spatial variation of soil erosion was pronounced,with being high erosion in the north and low in the south along the Jinsha River.In terms of erosion intensity,the area of slight and mild erosion accounts for more than 95%and other erosion areas are relatively smaller.(3)During the study period,the areas with high soil erosion intensity in Yuanmou County shows a trend of slight erosion transformation,indicating that the implementation of regional farmland conversion to forest and grassland and soil erosion control projects in small watershed have alleviated the soil erosion intensity.(4)Slope was the dominant factor affecting the distribution pattern of soil erosion in Yuanmou County,with the strongest explanation of 25.66%.Along the Jinsha river,the regions at the elevation of 1,200-1,800 m with the slope>25°,30%-40%vegetation coverage zone are in high risk of soil erosion,therefore ecological restoration and protection of soil and water should be strengthened in those areas.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 干热河谷 RUSLE 地理探测器 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]