河北承德县北大山公园石海奇观的成因及地学旅游初探  

Formation Mechanism of Rock-block Field Landscape and Earth-science Tourism in the Beidashan Forest Park,Chengde,Hebei

作　　者：李成祥 张绪教[2] 殷志强 曹静 邵海 田钰琛 彭超[2,5] LI Chengxiang;ZHANG Xujiao;YIN Zhiqiang;CAO Jing;SHAO Hai;TIAN Yuchen;PENG Chao(College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Nature Resources Comprehensive Survey Command,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100055 China;School of Geoscience,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;Wuchan Zhongda Metal Group Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院,四川成都610059 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京100055 [4]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [5]物产中大金属集团有限公司,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《现代地质》2024年第3期807-817,共11页Geoscience

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977258);中国地质环境监测院研发基金项目(20220107);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190310,DD20221761);河北省重点研发计划项目(20374207D)。

摘　　要：石海是发育于基岩斜坡带较为特殊的地貌类型之一,因形成动力多样和过程复杂,前人对其成因的争论由来已久。河北省承德县北大山发育壮观的石海,是该森林公园的主要景观和旅游资源,为石海成因的研究提供了得天独厚的条件。利用野外地质调查、砾石统计和无人机航拍建模等技术方法和手段,对北大山森林公园石海地貌开展了系统的调查。研究结果表明,石海的物源来自沟头被断裂和节理破碎的花岗岩崩塌体;组成石海的巨大砾石具有重力崩塌和短距离流水搬运的特征,与冰川或泥石流搬运的特征并不符合;冻融分选作用是导致巨大石块集中出露地表,进而形成石海的主要动力。本文首次提出承德北大山石海地貌的冻融分选成因的新认识,不仅对石海成因的理论研究具有一定的促进作用,而且对其它区域石海地貌的成因研究也具有重要的参考价值。Rock-block field is a special geomorphic type mainly developed in bedrock slope zones,formed under diverse geodynamics and complex geologic processes,and its formation has been controversial for a long time.The spectacular rock-block field in Beidashan,Chengde County,Hebei not only is the main landscape and tourism resources of the forest park,but also provides unique conditions for studying the origin of the rock-block field.We conducted a systematic investigation on the rock-block field geomorphology in the Beidashan Forest Park,mainly using the field geological survey,gravel statistics,and UAV aerial modeling methods.The study results show that the gravel source of rock-block field came from the collapsed granite which is fractured and broken due to the joints at the top of gully;the huge gravel composed of the rock-block field has the characteristics of gravity collapse and short distance water transportation,which is not consistent with the characteristics of glacier or debris flow transport.The freezing and thawing separation is the main driving force causing the huge stones to emerge from the surface and then forming the rock-block field.In this study,we proposed a new interpretation on the origin of freeze-thaw sorting of the rock-block field landform in Beidashan,Chengde for the first time.This study not only promotes the theoretical studies of rock-block field origin,but also provides an important reference for the formation of rock-block field landform in other places.

关 键 词：石海 重力崩塌 冻融分选 旅游地学 北大山 承德 

分 类 号：P931.2[天文地球—自然地理学]