生前预嘱的合法化与适用问题研究  

Research on Legalization and Application of Living Will

作　　者：陈凤[1] CHEN Feng(Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin130015,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,吉林长春130015

出　　处：《医学与法学》2024年第3期39-43,共5页Medicine and Jurisprudence

摘　　要：生前预嘱不同于安乐死、协助自杀,契合保护预嘱人医疗自主权、死亡尊严的现实需求,其合法化具有充足的法理依据;其订立主体应当为完全民事行为能力人,且其文本内容系预嘱人的真实意思表示,不违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定或者公序良俗;其适用情形不宜限制过严,应予扩大解释--一是预嘱人罹患阿尔茨海默症或处于永久性植物状态时,均应认定其符合生前预嘱的适用情形;二是不应对孕妇的生前预嘱设置排除或部分排除条款,而应尊重孕妇的医疗自主权,且胎儿利益不得绝对优先于孕妇的自主权。Different from euthanasia and assisted suicide,living will whose legalization has sufficient legal basis conforms to the practical needs of protecting subject's medical autonomy and death dignity.The subject of living will should be a person with full capac⁃ity for civil conduct.Besides,the text content of living will should be the true intention of the subject and do not violate the mandatory provisions of laws,administrative regulations and public order and good customs.Its application should not be too restrictive,but ex⁃panded interpretation-first,the person suffering from Alzheimer's disease or in a permanent vegetative state should be identified as in line with the application of living will;Second,there should be no exclusions or partial exclusions for the living will of pregnant women.We must respect the medical autonomy of pregnant women and prevent the interests of the fetus from taking absolute precedence over the autonomy of pregnant women.

关 键 词：生前预嘱 安乐死 医疗自主权 生命尊严 死亡尊严 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生] D922.69[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]