蒸汽爆破和蒸汽爆破+发酵处理对甘蔗渣营养成分、体外瘤胃发酵特征和甲烷产量的影响  

Effects of Steam Explosion and Steam Explosion+Fermentation on Nutritional Components,in Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Bagasse

作　　者：曲佳静 普宣宣 霍家斌 王文星 王荣[2] 王敏[2] 牛化欣[1] 张秀敏[2] QU Jiajing;PU Xuanxuan;HUO Jiabin;WANG Wenxing;WANG Rong;WANG Min;NIU Huaxin;ZHANG Xiumin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科技学院,通辽028000 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第6期4003-4013,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023RC3206);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1300903,2021YFD1301003);国家自然科学基金项目(32002204,U22A20512);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划资助(NJYT22054)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究蒸汽爆破和蒸汽爆破+发酵处理对甘蔗渣营养成分、体外瘤胃发酵特征和甲烷(CH_(4))产量的影响。将甘蔗渣分别进行蒸汽爆破和蒸汽爆破+发酵处理,设置对照组(CK组,未处理的甘蔗渣)、蒸汽爆破组(SE组,蒸汽爆破处理的甘蔗渣)、蒸汽爆破+发酵组(SE+F组,蒸汽爆破+发酵处理的甘蔗渣),每组3个重复。3组甘蔗渣分别进行常规营养成分和碳水化合物组分的测定分析,并选用湘东黑山羊作为瘤胃液供体动物进行体外瘤胃发酵试验(72 h)。结果表明:与CK组相比,SE组甘蔗渣的中性洗涤可溶物、可溶性碳水化合物和总糖含量显著提高(P<0.05);体外瘤胃发酵干物质降解率、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸显著提高(P<0.05),8~72 h产气量和CH_(4)产量明显提高。与SE组相比,SE+F组甘蔗渣的粗蛋白质、真蛋白质和中性洗涤可溶物含量显著提高(P<0.05),半纤维素、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05);体外瘤胃发酵总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸/丙酸显著降低(P<0.05),8~72 h产气量和CH_(4)产量明显降低,氨态氮含量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,蒸汽爆破处理能够提高甘蔗渣可溶性碳水化合物含量,生成更多单糖,促进甘蔗渣在体外瘤胃发酵过程中的降解,增加总挥发性脂肪酸浓度;蒸汽爆破后再对甘蔗渣进行微生物发酵,可促进瘤胃微生物蛋白合成,减少CH_(4)产量。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of steam explosion and steam explosion+fermentation on nutritional components,in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and methane(CH_(4))production of bagasse.Bagasse was treated with steam explosion and steam explosion+fermentation,and 3 groups were designed:control group(CK group,untreated bagasse),steam explosion group(SE group,steam explosion treated bagasse)and steam explosion+fermentation group(SE+F group,steam explosion+fermentation treated bagasse),each group contained 3 replicates.The conventional nutritional components and carbohydrate composition of bagasse in the 3 groups were analyzed,and the Xiangdong black goat was selected as rumen fluid donor animal for 72 h in vitro rumen fermentation trial.The results show that compared with CK group,the contents of neutral detergent soluble,water soluble carbohydrate and total sugar in bagasse of SE group were significantly increased(P<0.05);the in vitro rumen fermentation dry matter degradation rate,neutral detergent fiber(NDF)degradation rate,total volatile fatty acid concentration and acetate to propionate ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the gas production and CH_(4)production during 8 to 72 h were obvious improved.Compared with SE group,the contents of crude protein,true protein and neutral detergent soluble in bagasse of SE+F group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of hemicellulose,NDF and acid detergent fiber were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the in vitro rumen fermentation total volatile fatty acid concentration and acetate to propionate ratio were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the gas production and CH_(4)production during 8 to 72 h were obvious decreased,and the ammonia nitrogen content was significantly increased(P<0.05).In summary,the steam explosion treatment can increase water soluble carbohydrate content of bagasse,and release more monosaccharide,promote the degradation of bagasse and improve the total volatile fatty acids concentration during in vitro

关 键 词：甘蔗渣 蒸汽爆破 发酵 体外 甲烷 挥发性脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816.3[农业科学—饲料科学]