三级甲等医院护士职业偏差行为现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of professional deviation behavior among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals

作　　者：安芳芳 李莎[2] 李媛媛[3] 符雅惠[4] 王娇 李芙蓉 AN Fangfang;LI Sha;LI Yuanyuan;FU Yahui;WANG Jiao;LI Furong(Medical College,Xijing University,Shaanxi Xi'an,710000,China;The Third Department of Gynecology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712000,China;Department of Scientific Research,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712000,China;Intravenous Fluid Dispensing Department,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang Shaanxi,712000,China;Emergency Department,Xijing Hospital,Xi'an Shaanxi,710000,China;Nursing Department,Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xi'an Shaanxi,710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西京学院医学院,陕西西安710000 [2]陕西中医药大学第二附属医院妇三科,陕西咸阳712000 [3]陕西中医药大学第二附属医院科研科,陕西咸阳712000 [4]陕西中医药大学第二附属医院静配中心,陕西咸阳712000 [5]西京医院急诊科,陕西西安710000 [6]陕西省中医医院护理部,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第8期1083-1087,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(82104464)。

摘　　要：目的 了解三级甲等医院护士职业偏差行为现状,并分析其影响因素。方法 2022年1—6月,采用整群方便抽样法选取陕西省6所三级甲等医院的760名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、护士职业偏差行为量表、护士道德勇气量表及差错反感文化量表对其进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 760名护士的职业偏差行为总分为(33.85±8.28)分,护士道德勇气总分为(63.49±8.25)分,差错反感文化总分为(25.46±6.44)分。Pearson相关分析显示,护士的职业偏差行为与其道德勇气间呈负相关(r=-0.723,P<0.01);与其差错反感文化间呈正相关(r=0.602,P<0.01)。护士道德勇气、差错反感文化、职务、护龄、职称是影响护士职业偏差行为的主要因素(均P<0.05),可解释护士职业偏差行为得分变异的47.5%。结论 陕西省6所三级甲等医院760名护士的职业偏差行为总体较少。护士能较好地遵守劳动纪律,但在人际层面的关系处理还有待提高。护理管理者可从护士道德勇气、差错反感文化层面出发,通过提升护士的职业道德素养、杜绝护理差错反感的不良文化氛围,并通过"以长带幼"制度,监督与纠正入职时间较短、职称较低护士在工作中的一切偏差行为,协助其总结与反思,避免偏差行为的再发生,进一步减少护士的职业偏差行为。Objective To understand the status quo of professional deviation behavior among nurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From January to June 2022,a total of 760 nurses from grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as research objects by cluster convenient sampling method.The survey was conducted using general information questionnaire,nurses' professional deviance behavior scale,nurses' moral courage scale and error aversion culture scale,and the data were analyzed.Results The total score of professional deviant behavior,nurses' moral courage and the culture of error aversion among 760 nurses was(33.85±8.28),(63.49±8.25) and(25.46±6.44)points,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the professional deviant behavior of nurses was negatively correlated with moral courage(r=-0.723,P<0.01),and positively correlated with error aversion culture(r=0.602,P<0.01).Multiple regression analysis showed that moral courage,error aversion culture,position,nursing age and professional title were the main factors affecting nurses professional deviant behavior(all P<0.05),which could explain 47.5% of the variation in nurses professional deviant behavior score.Conclusion The overall professional deviant behavior of 760 nurses in six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Shaanxi Province is relatively low.Nurses can better abide by labor discipline,but the interpersonal relationship processing needs to be improved.Nursing managers can start from the moral courage and error aversion culture of nurses,improve their professional ethics,eliminate the negative cultural atmosphere of nursing error aversion,and supervise and correct all deviant behaviors of nurses with short employment time and low professional titles in their work through the "bringing the young with the old" system,assist them in summarizing and reflecting,avoid the recurrence of deviant behaviors,and further reduce the professional deviant behaviors of nurses.

关 键 词：护士 职业偏差行为 道德勇气 差错反感文化 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]