海水基纳米流体分散稳定性和黏度特性研究  

Dispersion stability and viscosity characterization of seawater-based nanofluids

作　　者：李翔 吴张永[1] 蒋佳骏 朱启晨 蔡晓明[1] 莫子勇[1] LI Xiang;WU Zhangyong;JIANG Jiajun;ZHU Qicheng;CAI Xiaoming;MO Ziyong(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University ofScience and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《功能材料》2024年第6期6088-6094,共7页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51165012)。

摘　　要：以海水为基础液的纳米流体,可作液压介质应用于海洋液压设备,解决传统液压油因海水侵入引起的油液变质问题。以天然海水为基础液,通过两步法制备海水基SiC纳米流体,采用单一变量法探究不同组分配比纳米流体的分散稳定性和黏度特性。结果表明,NaCl会破坏颗粒双电层,降低纳米流体稳定系数,但表面活性剂CMC可吸附在SiC颗粒表面提供空间位阻,使稳定系数在10 d内维持在0.9左右。同时,验证了SiC粒径在40 nm,质量分数在1%左右,CMC质量分数在2%左右,纳米流体分散稳定性最佳。海水基纳米流体的黏度随颗粒添加量的增加而增大,在质量分数>1%时,上升趋势减缓;随着CMC添加量的增多,影响了纳米流体中的微结构,使海水基纳米流体的黏度随CMC质量分数增加而上升,上升趋势为平缓-急剧-平缓;受布朗运动的影响,黏度与温度呈负相关;纳米流体黏度随NaCl质量分数的增加而下降,下降趋势先快后慢。制备的海水基纳米流体具有较好的分散稳定性,可通过调控组分配比得到所需黏度,有助于纳米流体技术的进一步发展。Nanofluids based on seawater can be used as hydraulic medium in marine hydraulic equipment to solve the problem of fluid deterioration caused by seawater intrusion in traditional hydraulic fluids.In this paper,seawater-based SiC nanofluids were prepared by a two-step method using natural seawater as the base fluid,and the dispersion stability and viscosity characteristics of nanofluids with different group distribution ratios were investigated by the single-variable method.The results showed that NaCl destroyed the particle double electric layer and reduced the nanofluid stabilization coefficient,but the surfactant CMC could be adsorbed on the surface of SiC particles to provide spatial site resistance,so that the stabilization coefficient was maintained at about 0.9 within 10 days.Meanwhile,it was verified that the best nanofluid dispersion stability was achieved with SiC particle size at 40 nm,mass fraction at around 1%,and CMC mass fraction at around 2%.The viscosity of seawater-based nanofluid increased with the increase of particle addition,and the rising trend slowed down when the mass fraction was greater than 1%.With the increase of CMC addition,the microstructure in the nanofluid was affected,so that the viscosity of the seawater-based nanofluid increased with the increase of the CMC mass fraction,and the rising trend was smooth-sharp-smooth.The viscosity was negatively correlated to the temperature by the effect of Brownian motion,and the viscosity of the nanofluid decreased with the increase of NaCl mass fraction,and the decreasing trend was fast and then slow.The seawater-based nanofluids prepared in this paper have good dispersion stability,and the desired viscosity can be obtained by regulating the group distribution ratio,which is helpful for the further development of nanofluid technology.

关 键 词：海水基纳米流体 碳化硅 分散稳定性 黏度特性 液压介质 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]