2000—2021年长江中游流域气候对植被和生态系统服务功能的影响分析  

The meteorological effects of vegetation and ecological system services in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2000 to 2021

作　　者：孙应龙 韩佳芮[2] 陈紫璇 周媛 延昊 曹云 钱永兰 SUN Ying-long;HAN Jia-rui;CHEN Zi-xuan;ZHOU Yuan;YAN Hao;CAO Yun;QIAN Yong-lan(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;Training Center of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Jiangxi Ecological Meteorology Center,Nanchang 330096,China;Nanchang National Climate Observatory,Nanchang 330043,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081 [3]江西省生态气象中心,江西南昌330096 [4]南昌国家气候观象台,江西南昌330043

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第6期99-108,共10页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：2022风云卫星应用先行计划(FY-APP-2022.0303);2023年江西省气象科技重点项目(JX2023Z10)资助。

摘　　要：长江中游流域湿地湖泊众多,植被覆盖度高,在增加碳汇、水源涵养、水土保持等方面发挥着重要作用,是我国重要的生态安全屏障。本研究基于中分辨率成像光谱(MODIS)数据、风云气象卫星资料和逐月气象资料等长时间尺度的多源数据,对2000—2021年长江中游流域气候条件及植被净初级生产力(NPP)、植被覆盖度、植被生态质量指数等植被生态表征指数的时空变化进行评价。同时,本研究还研究了长江中游流域2000年以来生态系统服务功能(土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能)的时空变化趋势以及气候对其影响。结果表明:2000—2021年,长江中游流域生态气候条件总体呈增加趋势,降水量平均每年增加7.3 mm,年平均气温平均每年升高0.03℃,较好的水热条件促进了植被生长,植被NPP和植被覆盖度平均每年分别增加5.1 gC/m和0.5%;区域生态系统服务功能也呈波动增加趋势,涵养水量和土壤保持量平均每年分别增加2.89 mm和4.96 t/hm^(2)。2000—2021年长江中游流域生态系统服务功能的气候影响主要体现在降水上,降水量和涵养水量、土壤保持量呈显著的正相关性,而气温相关性较差,表明降水是影响长江中游流域生态系统服务功能的重要气候影响因素。本研究揭示了2000—2021年气候变化对长江中游流域生态系统服务功能的影响,为切实保障湿地、植被生态建设,以及防灾减灾提供了气象依据。In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin,there are many wetlands and lakes with high vegetation coverage,which play an important role in increasing carbon sink,water conservation,soil and water conservation,and is an important ecological security barrier in China.Based on multi-source data of Medium resolution Imaging Spectrum(MODIS),Fengyun Meteorological satellite and monthly meteorological data,this study evaluates the spatio-temporal changes of meteorological conditions and vegetation ecological indicators such as net primary productivity(NPP),vegetation coverage,and vegetation ecological quality index in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin from 2000 to 2021.Meanwhile,the temporal and spatial trends of ecosystem service function(soil conservation function,water conservation function)and the influence of meteorological conditions on ecosystem service function in the middle reaches of Yangtze River basin since 2000 were also studied.The results show that from 2000 to 2021,the meteorological conditions in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin generally show an increasing trend,with an average annual increase of 7.3 mm in precipitation and 0.03℃in average annual temperature.Better hydrothermal conditions promote vegetation growth,and the average annual increase of NPP and vegetation coverage is 5.1 gC/m^(2) and 0.5%,respectively.The regional ecosystem service function also showed a fluctuating trend,with the average annual increase of water conservation and soil conservation of 2.89 mm and 4.96 t/hm 2,respectively.The meteorological impact on ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin from 2000 to 2021 is mainly reflected in precipitation,which has a significant positive correlation with water conservation and soil conservation,while the temperature correlation is poor,indicating that precipitation is an important meteorological factor affecting ecosystem services in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River basin.This study reveals the impacts of climate change

关 键 词：气候条件 植被生态质量 生态系统服务功能 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]