基于动态离散模型的机场ADS-B攻击威胁影响研究  

n Threat Impact of Airport ADS-B Attack Based on Dynamic Discrete Model

作　　者：白洁 王布宏[1] 田继伟[1] 王振 曾乐雅 阳勇 BAI Jie;WANG Buhong;TIAN Jiwei;WANG Zhen;ZENG Leya;YANG Yong(Information and Navigation College,Air Force Engineering University,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]空军工程大学信息与导航学院,西安710000

出　　处：《电光与控制》2024年第7期27-35,52,共10页Electronics Optics & Control

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金(2021JQ-879)。

摘　　要：随着航空业信息技术的发展,空中交通管制系统面临着多种网络攻击的威胁。广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)系统因其明文广播的数据传输方式,存在着被网络攻击的安全问题。依据“等待降落-降落-停泊-排队起飞-起飞”的航班运行全流程,建立了WLPQD动态离散模型,研究机场流量和航班延误。模型引入了系统冗余能力、处理速率等参数,模拟了攻击场景;通过受影响飞机数量和延误时间等指标研究了机场航班延误的传播影响。模型展示了ADS-B消息注入攻击对降落、起飞航班造成的延误,提出了两种攻击缓解方法。结果表明,延误规模的大小与攻击强度呈现正相关,且攻击对起飞航班的延误影响更大;提升对“幽灵飞机”和合法飞机的处理速率都可提升机场系统的抗毁性,但前者对提升机场系统冗余能力的效果更加显著。所做研究为机场系统抵御网络攻击、增强抗毁性提供了决策分析的参考依据。With the development of information technology in aviation industry air traffic control system is facing the threat of various network attacks.ADS-B has the security problem of being attacked by the network because of its data transmission mode of plaintext broadcast.According to the whole flight operation process of Waiting for landing-Landing-Parking-Queuing for takeoff-Departure(WLPQD)a WLPQD dynamic discrete queuing model is established.The model introduces such parameters as system redundancy and processing speed to simulate the attack scenario.The impact of airport flight delay propagation is studied through the indicators such as the number of affected aircrafts and delayed time.The model shows the delay propagation caused by ADS-B deception attack on landing and take-off flights and two attack mitigation strategies are proposed.The results show that:(1)The stronger the attacking intensity the severer the delayed flight;(2)Both the processing speed improvements on the“ghost aircrafts”and the legal aircrafts are helpful for enhancing the invulnerability of airport system and the former is more efficient.The research provides a new method for airport system to resist network attacks and enhance invulnerability.

关 键 词：ADS-B 动态离散模型 网络安全 航班延误 

分 类 号：V35[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]