从天文学和物理学的发展理解科学方法的3次飞跃  

Understanding the three giant leaps of scientific methodology from the development of astronomy and physics

作　　者：张双南[1] ZHANG Shuangnan(Particle Astrophysics Division,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理中心,北京100049

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第10期55-64,共10页Science & Technology Review

摘　　要：科学已经成为人类文明的重要组成部分,科学的3个要素分别是科学的目的、精神和方法。理解科学方法对于理解科学和发展科学至关重要。从天文学和物理学的发展过程以及其中的若干典型和里程碑事件(包括近年来几次天文学研究领域获得的诺贝尔物理学奖)展开分析,将科学方法的建立和发展归纳总结为科学方法的3次飞跃,即希腊古典和希腊化时期“从形而上学到实在精确的科学”、科学革命时期“从观察思辨的科学到实验科学”以及现代科学时期“从证实的科学到证伪的科学”。Science has become an important constitution of human civilization,and the three key elements of science are its purpose,spirit and methodology.Understanding scientific methodology is very important to the understanding and development of science.In this article,the establishment and development of scientific methodology are summarized as three giant leaps from the development of astronomy and physics,focused on several typical and monumental events,including the several recent Nobel Prizes in physics awarded to research achievements of astronomy.The three giant leaps are“from metaphysics to actual and precise science”during the ancient Greek and Hellenic Greek periods,“from observing and speculating science to experimental science”during the scientific revolution,and“from confirmation to falsification”in the modern science,respectively.

关 键 词：科学史 科学 科学方法 

分 类 号：P1-09[天文地球—天文学] O4-09[理学—物理]