某SUV镂空扰流板气动噪声机理分析及降噪研究  

Research on the Aerodynamic Noise Mechanism and Noise Reduction of SUV Roof Hollow Spoiler

作　　者：张风利 张荣荣 罗秋丽 张亚东 李兵 郭慧 ZHANG Fengli;ZHANG Rongrong;LUO Qiuli;ZHANG Yadong;LI Bing;GUO Hui(CAE&NVH Performance Development Center,BYD Auto Industry Company Limited,Shenzhen 518118)

机构地区：[1]比亚迪汽车工业有限公司CAE&NVH性能开发中心,深圳518118

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第6期398-408,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0208000,2021YFB2501705);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515111005)资助项目。

摘　　要：镂空扰流板开发不仅关注空气动力学风阻性能与污染物管理性能,也关注气动噪声低噪声性能的达成。在风阻性能和污染物管理性能较好工况下,开展镂空扰流板气动噪声特性研究。采用IDDES湍流模型进行镂空扰流板非定常仿真,得到非定常流场分布特性及测点的频谱分布规律。结果表明,在后风挡玻璃处存在主频为510 Hz,主频幅值为112.8 dBA的窄带噪声,且采用非定常气动噪声数值分析方法揭示了扰流板隔筋是导致卡门涡街脱落频率的主要部件。同时采用风洞试验方法验证了测点声压级频谱与仿真具有较好一致性。采用扰流板隔筋形状优化后,测点窄带主频消失、测点窄带主频幅值和总声压级分别降低39.7 dBA和27.1 dBA的最佳降噪效果。研究可为镂空扰流板低噪声优化设计提供有效的仿真手段,可有效快速地指导工程应用。The development of a hollow spoiler not only focuses on aerodynamic drag performance and pollutant management performance,but also on achieving aerodynamic noise and low noise performance.The aerodynamic noise characteristics of the hollow spoiler under good wind resistance performance and pollutant management performance condition is studied.The IDDES turbulence model for unsteady numerical simulation of the hollow spoiler is adopted,and the distribution characteristics of the unsteady flow field and the spectral distribution law of the measurement points are obtained.The results indicate that there is a narrowband noise with a main frequency of 510 Hz and a main frequency amplitude of 112.8 dBA at the rear windshield.The use of unsteady aerodynamic noise numerical analysis methods reveals that the spoiler spacer is the main component causing the shedding of the narrow band frequency of the Karman`s vortex street.At the same time,the wind tunnel test method is used to verify the good consistency between the sound pressure level spectrum of the wind tunnel test and the simulation.In addition,after optimizing the shape of the spoiler rib,the narrowband main frequency at the measurement point disappears,and the narrowband main frequency amplitude and total sound pressure level at the measurement point decrease by 39.7 dBA and 27.1 dBA,respectively,achieving the best noise reduction effect.The wind noise reduction methods provides an effective simulation method for low noise optimization design of the hollow spoiler,which can effectively and quickly guide engineering applications.

关 键 词：汽车 镂空扰流板 空气动力学 气动噪声 风洞试验 低噪声设计 

分 类 号：U462[机械工程—车辆工程]