从“位移”到“给予”——位移动词的一种语义演变模式及影响因素  

From "Motion"to"Causing...to Possess":A Semantic Evolution Pattern of Motion Verbs and Influence Factors

作　　者：杨加玉 YANG Jiayu

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2024年第2期85-95,共11页Essays on Linguistics

摘　　要：本文说明了上古汉语中存在从“位移”到“给予”的语义演变模式,一些编码位移的动词,如“进”“人”“上”“传”“输”等,通过隐喻机制发展出了“给予”义。位移动词编码的语义要素会对动词的语义演变产生影响,编码【路径】语义要素是位移动词发展出“给予”义的必要条件,大部分发展出“给予”义的动词都是“纯粹路径动词”;编码方式】要素会限制“给予”义的产生,当包含【方式】要素的动词发展出“给予”义时,其【方式】语义会被消解,如“投”表达“致送”义时,不再包含“用手加力于物”和客事作“抛物线,快速”运动的【方式]信息。This paper elucidates the semantic evolution pattern from"motion"to""causing...to possess"in ancient Chinese.Some verbs encoding motion,such as jin(进),ru(入),shang(上),chuan(传),shu(输),have developed the meaning of"causing...to possess"through metaphorical mechanism.The semantic elements encoded by motion verbs can influence the semantic development of the verbs.The encoding of the[Path]element is a necessary condition for motion verbs to develop the meaning of"causing...to possess",with most verbs that acquire the meaning of"causing...to possess"being categorized as"pure path verbs".On the other hand,the encoding of the[Manner]element restricts the emergence of the meaning of"causing.to possess"'.When verbs containing[Manner]element acquire the meaning of""causing to have",their[Manner]semantics are dissolved.For instance,when the verb tou(投)expresses the meaning of"sending",it no longer encompasses the[Manner]information of"applying force to an object with hands"and the thematic movement described as"parabolic,rapid".

关 键 词：位移 给予 隐喻 方式 结果 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]