试论叠置式音变的社团扩散规律——以光山方言韵母变异为例  

On the Community Diffusion of the Superposed Sound Change:The Case of Final Variation in Guangshan Dialect

作　　者：黄文俊 李子鹤[2] HUANG Wenjun;LI Zihe

机构地区：[1]中国空空导弹研究院,洛阳471009 [2]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2024年第2期140-150,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向语言生杰学的语言接触知识库研究”(22IID740002);国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国民族音乐文化与语言数据集成及其演化研究”(22&ZD218)的支持.

摘　　要：汉语方言的叠置式音变是学界广为关注的现象。本文以光山方言中古遇合三、山合三四、蟹开四等韵[u]-[i]和蟹合一、止开三等韵[ei]-[i]的文白异读为例,将仙居乡北新村作为言语社团,在语言接触理论框架下,运用社会语言学的变异研究方法,分析文读产生和传递的机制。根据在光山言语社团中生活的经验,可能影响语言变异的社会因素可概括为人口统计学因素、社团外交际密度和社团内交际密度。将白读被文读替换的比例作为因变量,各种社会因素作为自变量,利用多元逐步回归等统计方法进行检验。结果显示,光山方言文读比例受到年龄和在外教育经历的显著影响,而街内交际密度、街内交际比例与文读形式的比例无相关关系。这说明文读的习得更有可能是个人分别从外界习得而非言语社团扩散的结果。本案例中叠置式音变的实质是单语者逐渐变为双语者,反映出普通话带来的影响。对于外部(社会)因素的研究有助于更好地辨辩析语言的内部演变和接触演变。The superposed sound change in Chinese dialects is a long-concerned issue.From the perspective of historical sociolinguistics,the present study takes Beixin village as a speech community where Guangshan dialect is spoken.Using the framework of language contact theory and sociolinguistic variation analysis,we analyze the mechanism of the substitution of colloquial readings by literary readings.From the author's experiences in the speech community,the demographic factors,the extra-community communication density,and the within-community communication density are generalized and calculated.By taking the proportion of literary readings as the dependent variable and all social factors as the independent variables,a multiple step-up regression model is formulated.The results show that the proportion of literary readings is significantly affected by age and the duration of schooling outside the township,while the within community communication density and the proportion of within community communication are not correlated with the proportion of literary readings.The acquisition of literary readings is more likely to be the result of individual acquisition from outside rather than a diffusion within the speech community.In this case,the essence of the superposed sound change is that monolinguals gradually become bilinguals.The study of external(social)factors helps to distinguish the internal change and contact-induced change.

关 键 词：光山方言 文白异读 语言接触 叠置式音变 语言变异 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]