轮轨滑动磨损对应力和温度影响的研究  

Research on the Influence of Wheel-rail Sliding Wear on Stress and Temperature

作　　者：魏云鹏 吴亚平[2] WEI Yunpeng;WU Yaping(School of Civil Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学土木工程学院,西宁810000 [2]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第6期72-76,85,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：青海省基础研究计划课题(2022-ZJ-960Q)。

摘　　要：列车在启动、制动或通过曲线轨道、长大下坡道时,轮轨之间将出现滑动接触,这种现象在地铁中较为常见。滑动接触引起的磨损对接触区域应力和温度有着显著影响。根据数值计算方法和摩擦传热理论,建立轮轨接触磨损模型和摩擦传热模型,引入与磨损相关的接触应力,采用移动热源模拟轮轨之间的摩擦热,考虑温度对材料参数的影响,研究滑动磨损对应力和温度的影响。结果显示,随着滑动距离的增加,轮轨接触斑面积逐渐变大,接触应力从尖凸状变为扁平状,最大接触应力逐渐减小,接触应力分布趋于均匀。当磨损深度超过0.2 mm时,采用初始接触应力计算得到的轮轨节点温度值要显著高于采用与磨损相关的接触应力计算得到的温度值,并且随着滑动距离的增加,温度之间的差异逐渐变大。滑动接触时刻末,用初始接触应力计算的轮轨接触区域温度场中的最高温度比磨损相关的接触应力计算得到的最高温度分别高113.9℃和61.0℃。研究结果显示,磨损对应力和温度的影响较为显著,在计算应力和摩擦热时应充分考虑磨损对其的影响。Sliding contact between wheel and rail will occur when the train is starting,braking,or passing through curved tracks and long-heavy down grades.In subways,the sliding contact is more frequent.The wear caused by sliding contact has a significant effect on the stress and friction heat of contact region.According to the numerical calculation method and friction heat transfer theory,a wheel-rail contact wear model and a friction heat transfer model are established.The wear-dependent contact stress is introduced,and a moving heat source is employed to simulate the friction heat.The temperature-dependent material parameters are adopted in models.The influences of wear on stress and temperature are studied.The results show that,with the increase of sliding distance,the wheel-rail contact patch becomes larger,the shape of contact patch changes from convex to flat,the maximum contact stress descends gradually,and the distribution of contact stress tends to be uniform.When the wear depth of wheel exceeds 0.2 mm,the node temperature values calculated by the initial contact stress are higher than those calculated by the wear-dependent contact stress.And as the sliding distance increases,the difference in temperatures increases gradually.At the end of sliding contact,the maximum temperatures of wheel and rail calculated by the initial contact stress are 113.9℃and 61.0℃respectively higher than those obtained by the wear-dependent contact stress.The research results indicate that the wear obviously influences the contact stress and friction heat,and these influences should be fully considered when calculating the stress and friction heat.

关 键 词：轮轨滑动接触 磨损 摩擦热 接触应力 移动热源 温度 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U213.4