多旋翼无人机串联混合动力系统能量管理仿真  

Numerical investigation on the energy management strategies of a series hybrid unmanned multirotor aerial vehicle

作　　者：徐楷 王步宇[1] 帅石金[1] XU Kai;WANG Buyu;SHUAI Shijin(Institute for Aero Engine,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航空发动机研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2024年第6期216-227,共12页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：航空科学基金(2020Z39058001)。

摘　　要：以最大输出功率为14.9 kW、功质比为2.8的活塞发动机作为主动力源搭建了多旋翼无人机准静态飞行串联混合动力系统功率模型,针对最大起飞质量80 kg级的多旋翼无人机进行了飞行性能模拟计算,重点比较不同能量管理策略的节油效果,并进一步探索多旋翼无人机起飞电池容量和燃油量对经济性和续航能力的影响。结果表明:在荷电状态保持约束下,减少电池上的能量损耗能够降低混动无人机油耗,且最小等效能量消耗策略表现较好;短航时条件下一定比例的电池容量有利于节油,但长航时条件下所用电池能量比例越大,油耗越大,系统经济性越差;载质量越大,任务时间越短,则系统的燃油经济性越好。Hybrid power system for UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)based on a two-stroke engine with a maximum power of 14.9 kW and a power-to-mass ratio of 2.8 was investigated.An in-house quasi-static UAV model including the series hybrid powertrain system and different energy management strategies was developed to characterize the performance of a multi-rotor UAV with 80 kg maximum takeoff weight.The UAV performance was compared using two different energy management strategies and dynamic-programing optimal solutions,then the effects of payloads and battery energies on the fuel consumption and flight duration of an UAV with defined flight profiles were investigated.It was found that an ideal energy management strategy should avoid high-power battery charging and discharging resulting in less power loss of the battery system,and that Equivalent Consumption Minimum Strategy exhibited lower fuel consumption than Rule-Based Strategy.The fuel consumption increased by using more battery energy in a long flight mission due to the low energy density of the battery,while larger payload and shorter flight duration led to higher system efficiency.Despite of anticipated increment in battery power density in the future,hybrid UAVs still exhibit longer flight duration capability than the electrical ones.

关 键 词：串联混动 多旋翼无人机 最小等效能量消耗策略 能量管理 动态规划 

分 类 号：V279.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]