跨学科组织中的学术共同体——以美国二战前后的三大跨学科组织为例  

The Academic Community in Interdisciplinary Organizations:A Comparative Study of Three American Interdisciplinary Organizations Established Around the Second World War

作　　者：王利平 张正涛 WANG Liping;ZHANG Zhengtao

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第1期116-137,190,191,共24页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：现代大学以追求知识进步的学术共同体为底色,学科在其中成为知识整合的形式并日趋发达;学科的专业化也限制了学者职业生涯,割裂了学者的身心,引出跨学科这一重新打造学术共同体的机制。本文考察了二战前后出现于美国大学的三个跨学科组织,它们都受到基金会的资助,致力于打破传统的学科界限,缔造出了不同的整合性社会科学。然而,三个组织诞生于不同的大学土壤,也构筑了不同的共同体理想。在三个跨学科组织中,学科边缘人和具有宽阔学术眼光与激情的年轻学者都是组织活力的来源,但与系科相比,跨学科组织的传承更加困难,这构成了跨学科组织不变的问题。Modern universities pursue the progress of knowledge,and within this model disciplines are the institutional basis for generating integration of knowledge.As academic research is becoming increasingly specialized,disciplinary standards also define the trajectories of successful careers of individual scholars.University researchers can feel the split of disciplinary commands and their real research interests.Consequently,the quest for interdisciplinarity never disappeared from our view.This paper compares three American interdisciplinary organizations which were established and influential around and after the World War Ⅱ.The flooding in of foundational money advanced the development of these organizations,which all aimed at breaching disciplinary boundaries and contributing to integrated social sciences.These organizations were born out of different universities and probated different ideals of interdisciplinary community.Nevertheless,all three cases tell us that the marginal talents who were hard to be accommodated within a specialized discipline and impassioned young scholars open to unsettled professional careers played vital roles in the creation of interdisciplinary organizations.That being said,interdisciplinary organizations also faced the constant challenge of continuation,i.e.,how the younger generations could carry on the visions of the founders when they left.

关 键 词：跨学科组织 研究型大学 美国社会科学 

分 类 号：G649.29[文化科学—高等教育学]