世界级机场群航空网络时空演化特征与模式  

Spatio-temporal evolution of the aviation network structure of the world-class airports cluster:Taking the Northeast Corridor of the United States as an example

作　　者：张蕾[1] 孙伟[2] 宋彦 ZHANG Lei;SUN Wei;SONG Yan(School of Geographic Science,Jiangsu Second Normal University,Nanjing 210000,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography&Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210000,China;Department of Urban and Regional Planning,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill 27599,USA)

机构地区：[1]江苏第二师范学院地理科学学院,南京210000 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210000 [3]美国北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校城市与区域规划系,美国教堂山27599

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第6期1540-1555,共16页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171185)。

摘　　要：机场群已经成为航空运输地理学的新兴研究领域。利用社会网络分析方法对1993—2018年美国东北走廊地区世界级机场群航空网络时空演化进行验证分析,发现该区域航空网络经历了从形成期到成熟期的转变:①“核心—边缘”结构特征趋于显著,核心机场与边缘机场的运量差距拉大,相互联系减少,而核心机场快速成长,彼此联系加密,部分枢纽的国内国际中转功能持续增强;②轴辐结构特征逐渐清晰,轮辐机场连接枢纽机场数量减少,航线更加聚焦,尤其倾向连接邻近多机场系统的枢纽机场;③航空网络的小世界特征和节点异配性明显,但轮辐机场连接的枢纽数量减少导致簇系数降低,轴辐结构的形成削弱了航空网络的小世界特征。基于实证分析,本文构建了一个中小尺度下的机场群航空网络演化模型,研究可为航空网络演化理论发展提供实证基础,也可为国内规划建设世界级机场群提供理论与实证参考。Airport cluster has become an emerging field of research in air transport geography.Using the social network analysis method,we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of the world-class airport cluster's aviation network in the Northeast Corridor of the United States from 1993 to 2018.This paper found that in this region the aviation network has undergone the transformation from the formative period to the mature period.The results are as follows:(1)The"core-edge"structural characteristics tended to be more significant,more flights concentrated in the core airports while the flights between the edge airports and core airports decreased.The core airports grew rapidly,and connectivity among core airports enhanced.Meanwhile the domestic and international transit function of some core hubs was strengthened.(2)The structural characteristic of the hub and spoke was gradually obvious,while the number of hub airports connected by spoke airports reduced.This means that the spoke airports focused the flights to the hub airports in the nearby multiairport system.(3)The small-world characteristic and node hetero compatibility of the aviation network became obvious,nevertheless,the reduction of hub airports connected by the spoke airports resulted in the decrease of cluster coefficient.The formation of the huband-spoke structure weakened the small-world characteristic of the aviation network.Based on the empirical analysis,this paper constructed an aviation network evolution model of airport cluster in small and medium scales,which can provide an empirical basis for the development of aviation network evolution theory,as well as theoretical and empirical reference for the planning and construction of world-class airport clusters in China.

关 键 词：时空演化特征 世界级机场群 航空网络 演化模式 

分 类 号：F537.12[经济管理—产业经济]