大花黄牡丹营养器官的形态结构和后含物研究  

Study on Morphological Structure and Ergastic Substance of Different Nutrient Organs in Paeonia ludlowii

作　　者：葛立鑫 张世鑫[2] 蒋毅 郑硕恒 戴明鋆 史敏晶[2] 田维敏[2,3] 张华 GE Lixin;ZHANG Shixin;JIANG Yi;ZHENG Shuoheng;DAI Mingjun;SHI Minjing;TIAN Weimin;ZHANG Hua(College of Resources and Environment,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi,Tibet 860000;Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops,Haikou 571101;Xishuangbanna Tropical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla,Yunnan 666303)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/热带作物生物育种国家重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海口571101 [3]中国科学院西双版纳植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第16期72-82,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目“大花黄牡丹营养贮藏蛋白研究”(YJS2022-09)。

摘　　要：为探究大花黄牡丹生长发育及后含物合成积累的规律,采用光学显微镜技术,对大花黄牡丹的根、茎、叶柄等不同营养器官的形态结构进行观察,并对后含物的种类和含量进行分析。结果显示,大花黄牡丹根、茎、叶柄等营养器官的皮层和周皮发达,韧皮部厚且细胞大,并含有大量的颗粒状后含物。使用碘-碘化钾染色,显示大花黄牡丹的根和茎中含有的颗粒状后含物为淀粉粒。对淀粉和可溶性糖含量进行分析,发现根器官中的淀粉含量远高于茎,且淀粉主要分布在韧皮部薄壁细胞中,木质部中较少;而根的可溶性糖的含量远高于茎;在茎树皮部分的可溶性糖含量要略高于木质部。研究证明,大花黄牡丹是将光合作用产生的可溶性糖纵向运输到根部进行淀粉的合成和储存,这是大花黄牡丹应对高海拔、长时间寒冷、干旱等条件的进化结果。研究结果拓展了高原植物形态结构和后含物合成积累规律的认识,为植物应对高海拔、寒冷、干旱等条件的极端环境的适应机制研究提供了理论基础。In order to explore the growth and development of Paeonia ludlowii,as well as the synthesis and accumulation of ergastic substance,optical microscopy was used to observe the morphological structure of different vegetative organs,including root,stem and petiole,to analyze the species and contents of the ergastic substance.The results showed that the cortex and periderm of the nutritional organs of Paeonia ludlowii were well-developed,the phloem was thick and the cell volume was large,and there was a large amount of ergastic substance.By staining with potassium-iodine,the active substance in the rhizome was found to be starch granules.Analyzing the content of starch and soluble sugar,it was found that the starch in root was much higher than that in stem.From the cross-sectional view of roots and stems,the starch was mainly distributed in the parenchyma cell of phloem and low in xylem.The content of soluble sugar in root was much higher than that in stem,and that in the bark was slightly higher than that in the xylem of stem.These results demonstrated that the soluble sugars,produced by photosynthesis,were vertically transported to root for synthesis and storage of starch,which reflected the evolutionary results for response to wicked conditions such as high altitude,prolonged cold,and drought.Our results will expand the understanding of morphological structure and the patterns of ergastic substance synthesis and accumulation in plateau plants,and provide a theoretical basis for future research of adaptation mechanisms to extreme environments.

关 键 词：大花黄牡丹 营养器官 光学显微镜技术 后含物 淀粉 

分 类 号：Q136[生物学—普通生物学]