2024年1月1日日本能登半岛7.6级地震:震源特征、灾害概况与应急响应  

The Japan Noto Peninsula M7.6 Earthquake on January 1,2024:Focal Characteristics,Disaster Situation and Emergency Response

作　　者：陈光齐 武艳强[3] 夏明垚[4] 李志远 CHEN Guang-qi;WU Yan-qiang;XIA Ming-yao;LI Zhi-yuan(Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300131,China;Kyushu University,Fukuoka 819-0395,Japan;The First Monitoring and Application Center,CEA,Tianjin 300180,China;Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学,天津300131 [2]九州大学,日本福冈819-0395 [3]中国地震局第一监测中心,天津300180 [4]成都理工大学,成都610059

出　　处：《地震》2024年第1期141-152,共12页Earthquake

基　　金：河北省全职引进国家高层次创新型人才科研项目(地震地质灾害链研究,405492)。

摘　　要：2024年1月1日,日本能登半岛发生7.6级地震,造成了重大人员伤亡与财产损失,本文利用震后3 d的信息,快速分析了此次地震的震源特征、受灾情况和应急响应工作。结果显示:(1)地震破裂方式为逆冲型,余震分布呈现NE向带状特征,范围约150 km;(2) GNSS观测到震中附近显著的W-WN同震位移,最大水平位移达1.2 m,两段断层反演模型能够较好地拟合观测数据;(3)震中附近观测到了较大的峰值地面速度(PGV)和峰值地面加速度(PGA),最大达到145 cm/s和2681 cm/s^(2),同时烈度达到日本标准最高值(7度),并且能登半岛附近绝大部分地区的烈度都在5强以上(日本烈度标准的从高到低第4档);(4)截至1月3日,此次地震已造成了日本石川县73人死亡,323人受伤,183栋房屋全毁或半毁,并引发了海啸、火灾、边坡破坏、道路受损等灾害链。最后,本文简要总结了针对此次地震的紧急救援、信息发布等灾害应对和管理措施。此项工作为理解地震机理、研究灾害成因以及开展有效应对措施提供了参考,为未来类似事件的处置提供了借鉴。On January l,2024,a large earthquake with magnitude 7.6 struck the Noto Peninsula in Japan,causing significant casualties and property damage.This paper pro-vides a quick analysis of the focal characteristics,damage and emergency response,using information in three days after the earthquake.The results show that:The rupture of the earthquake was thrust type,and the distribution of aftershocks showed a NE zonal character with~150 km range.GNSS observed a significant west-northwest coseismic displacements in the epicenter annex,with maximum horizontal displacements of 1.2 m,and the two-segment fault inversion model was able to fit the observed data well.③The large PGV and PGA,with maximums of 145 cm/s and 2,681 cm/s^(2),were observed in the vicinity of the epicenter.This earthquake produced the highest value(7 degree)of the Japanese Intensity Scale near the epicenter,and all the areas in the Noto Peninsula were above 5+(the Japanese Intensity Scale).@The recent earthquake has so far resulted in 73 fatalities and 323 injuries in Ishikawa Prefecture.Additionally,183 buildings have been either completely or partially destroyed.The seismic event also triggered a series of casca-ding disasters,including tsunamis,fires,slope failures,and road damages.Finally,we briefly summarize the emergency measures in disaster response,including emergency relief and information dissemination.This work provides a reference case for understanding the mechanisms of earthquakes,studying the mechnism of disasters,and developing effective responses,further,provides lessons for handling similar events in the future.

关 键 词：2024年能登半岛7.6级地震 地震破裂机制 地震灾害 应急响应 

分 类 号：P315.7[天文地球—地震学]