诉讼费执行追缴的实行乱象与改革进路  

The Confusion of Implementation of the Enforcement and Recovery of Litigation Fees and Reform Approaches

作　　者：刘东[1] 吴陈露 LIU Dong;WU Chenlu(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《三明学院学报》2024年第2期78-85,共8页Journal of Sanming University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目(19YJC820034);2024年度校级本科教学改革与发展研究项目。

摘　　要：诉讼费是一种司法规费性质的诉讼成本,其收费、退费均受到严格管理。执行程序作为向败诉方追缴的途径,实务中法院做法的不同也反向影响了诉讼费退费制度的规范程度。在厘清诉讼费性质与权利主体后,追缴程序由谁开启是截至2023年10月13日裁判文书网2336份“诉讼费追缴”相关文书展现出的最突出问题。人民法院退费后主动移送执行应为原则性做法,仅在胜诉方明确同意时可免除退费、移送执行的责任。在此后的执行实施、债权清偿顺序、时效适用问题,也是构建诉讼费执行追缴程序所需要逐步解答的,具体应以最终有利于胜诉方为指向,实现人民法院自身利益与当事人利益的博弈双赢。Litigation fees are a type of litigation cost with the nature of judicial fees,and their charges and refunds are strictly managed.As a way to recover from the losing party,the different practices of the courts in practice also adversely affect the degree of standardization of the litigation fee refund system.After clarifying the nature of litigation fees and holders of rights,the most prominent issue in the 2336"litigation fee recovery"related documents on the Judgment ObjectivesDocument Network as of October 13,2023 is who initiates the recovery procedure.It should be a principled practice to choose to take the initiative to transfer the fees for enforcement after refunding,and the people's court may be exempted from the responsibility for refund and enforcement only with the express consent of the winning party.In the subsequent implementation of enforcement,the order of debt repayment,and the application of statute of limitations,it is also necessary to gradually address the construction of the litigation fee enforcement and recovery procedure,with the ultimate goal of benefiting the winning party and achieving a win-win situation between the interests of the people's court itself and the parties involved.

关 键 词：诉讼费追缴 执行程序 移送执行 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]