美德与革命:法国大革命中的德性政治  

Virtue and Revolution:The Politics of Virtue in the French Revolution

作　　者：叶树彬 Ye Shubin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第2期63-87,291,共26页The World History Review

摘　　要：在18世纪法国,美德是人们用以表达意识形态诉求的重要理念。在法国大革命中,公民美德与革命政治相结合,孕育出了大革命独特的德性政治。美德演变成一种政治理念、政治话语和革命意识形态。它推动了大革命的诞生和新政治秩序的成型,激化了革命政治,乃至以一种美德共和国实践的形式,与恐怖相结合,激发且合理化了革命暴力。热月政变后,随着摆脱恐怖统治成为共识,美德脱离了作为人民品性的角色,重新回到了智性的范畴,大革命德性政治就此式微。可以说,一方面,德性政治清晰地展现出大革命历史的阶段性特征,完美呈现了大革命政治文化的演变过程及其特性;另一方面,大革命德性政治的失败,也体现出美德理念本身的矛盾以及它与政治相融的困难。In eighteenth-century France,virtue was an important idea used to claim some kinds of ideologies.In the French Revolution,the civic virtue was combined deeply with Revolutionary politics,bringing about the unique politics of virtue of the Revolution.As a result,virtue evolved into a political idea,a political discourse and a revolutionary ideology as time went.It contributed considerably to the arrival of the Revolution and the formation of a new political order,and radicalized the Revolutionary politics.Fused with terror,as an aspiration for the Republic of Virtue,it stimulated and legitimized the revolutionary violence.After 9 Thermidor,with ending the Terror being a consensus,virtue no longer represented the quality of people and recovered its existence as an intellectuality.On this account,the politics of virtue of the Revolution withered away.It is thus proper to say that on the one side,the politics of virtue shows the periodic features of the history of Revolution and provides a revealing insight into the evolution of political culture of the Revolution and its peculiarity;on the other side,the failure of politics of virtue reflects the paradox of the notion of virtue and its difficulty to be integrated with politics.

关 键 词：德性政治 法国大革命 公民美德 美德共和国 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]