被整合的艺术:南掌国王召翁的困境与挣扎(1765—1787)  

The Art of Being Consolidated:Dilemma and Struggle of King Chau Vong of the Luang Prabang Kingdom(1765-1787)

作　　者：张晨 Zhang Chen

机构地区：[1]澳门大学历史学系,中国澳门

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2024年第2期187-207,294,295,共23页The World History Review

摘　　要：詹姆斯·斯科特以“逃避统治”来描述赞米亚同低地政权间的关系,但真实的历史发展可能要复杂得多。南掌国(今老挝北部)是中南半岛上势力相对弱小的一个政权,处在所谓的“赞米亚”地带之中。召翁是南掌国的第三代统治者。他在位时期正是缅甸、暹罗和安南之间势力竞争开始加剧之时。召翁继位以后多次向清朝求援,希望借助清朝的力量平衡其他大国的影响,但清朝保持着超然的立场,并未对召翁施以真正援助。召翁也曾被迫向安南朝贡,并希望借助安南的力量抵御缅甸的劫掠,但也未成功。召翁也曾和暹罗结盟,对付宿敌缅甸和万象国,但最终却逐渐落入暹罗的控制之中。召翁的一生都在努力同周围的清朝、缅甸、暹罗、安南和万象国周旋,他的经历生动地展示出赞米亚地带的人群如何学习和利用了低地国家所主导的政治秩序。同时召翁的例子也从被整合者的角度补充了维克多·李伯曼关于中南半岛第四次政治整合的分析。s:James C.Scott described the relationship between Zomia and the Lowland states as“escaping rule”,but the true historical development may be much more complex.The Luang Prabang Kingdom(present northern Laos)constituted a relatively diminutive political entity within the Indochinese Peninsula,situated in the so-called“Zomia”region.Chau Vong(reigned approximately 1771—1787)held the position of its third-generation ruler.His reign coincided with a period marked by escalating power struggles among Burma,Siam,and Annam.Following his accession,Chau Vong repeatedly beseeched the Qing Dynasty for assistance,aiming to leverage Qing’s influence to counterbalance the impact of other major powers.However,the Qing Dynasty maintained a stance of aloofness and refrained from providing substantial aid to Chau Vong.He was compelled to offer tributes to Annam and sought Annam’s support to fend off Burmese incursions,yet this endeavor did not yield success.Chau Vong also forged an alliance with Siam against their common adversary Burma,and the Kingdom of Vientiane.Ultimately,however,he gradually fell under the sway of Siam’s dominion.Chau Vong’s lifetime was characterized by his diligent maneuvering amidst the Qing Dynasty,Burma,Siam,Annam,and the Kingdom of Vientiane,revealing how the people of the Zomia region learned from and utilized the political order dominated by lowland powers.At the same time,Chau Vong’s example,from the perspective of the consolidated,supplements Victor Lieberman’s analysis of the fourth political consolidation of the Southeast Asian peninsula.

关 键 词：南掌国 召翁 清朝 暹罗 赞米亚 政治整合 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]