罗芳伯与西婆罗洲兰芳公司史事考论  

Title:A Re-examination of the History of Luo Fangbo and Lanfang Company in Western Boneo

作　　者：赵轶峰[1] Zhao Yifeng(Faculty for The Study of Asian Civilizations,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2024年第3期140-155,160,共17页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“明清社会结构与历史趋势研究”(项目批号:20AZS008)成果之一。

摘　　要：18世纪后期,客家人罗芳伯等在西婆罗洲建立兰芳公司,前后维系一个世纪有余。本文考核相关史事,认为该公司不曾建元,罗芳伯并未称“大唐总长”,“兰芳大总制”不是兰芳公司自称,是荷兰殖民当局授予兰芳公司第六位“太哥”刘台二的头衔。罗香林对罗芳伯的研究有开辟之功,但也包含若干渲染、误判。兰芳公司及18、19世纪西婆罗洲的多家华人公司都曾被称为“共和”政权,着眼点在于其具有管理公共事务的功能,领导人由公众推举产生,共同体成员之间日常关系接近平等。虽然这些公司不是完整意义上的共和国,但毕竟是中国民众迁徙到另一片土地之后,选择建立的具有共和、民主意味的政权体系。这种选择的基础包括中国传统村社组织和帮会传统,也涉及比较晚近在华南形成的“公司”新传统。移民婆罗洲的华人背后没有强大支持力量,仅以实现社区性生存与获得财富为目标,最终无法对抗荷印殖民当局的宰割。Lanfang Company established in Western Borneo by a group of Hokka people led by Luo Fangbo(罗芳伯)lasted for more than one century through late 18th century to late 19th century.This article closely examined related materials and made a few newer factual conclusions including the followings.1,Lanfang Company did not declare its own calendar as some scholars have stated.2,Luo Fangbo did not self-claim the title Datang Zongzhang(大唐总长,the supreme leader of the great Chinese community).Lanfang Dazongzhi(兰芳大总制,the general commander of Lanfang)was not the self-claimed title of Luo Fangbo either,but rather,it was a title granted by the Dutch colonial regime to the sixth leader of the Lanfang Company,namely,Liu Taier(刘台二).3,Luo Xianglin(罗香林)as the forerunner of Lanfang study actually exaggerated facts in several aspects.Some historical materials regarded Lanfang Company and some other similar companies in Western Borneo organizations of republican nature,which is reasonable.However,these companies should not be considered as republic states in full sense.They were economic,social,and political organizations based on Chinese village and secret society traditions,plus the newer kongsis(公司)practice.Aimed at obtaining wealth and achieving community survival only without homeland’s support,these organizations of Chinese immigrants in Boneo eventually dismantled by the Dutch colonial power.

关 键 词：兰芳公司 罗芳伯 婆罗洲 共和制 殖民主义 

分 类 号：F279.1[经济管理—企业管理] K141[经济管理—国民经济]