面向“附近”的伦理学:不确定时代伦理探究的视域转换与理论建构  

Ethics of proximity:a new perspective and theoretical construction for exploring ethics in an uncertain era

作　　者：赵浩[1] ZHAO Hao

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期42-49,150,151,共10页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：江苏省道德发展智库和“公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心”的科研项目“乡风文明专题研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当社会处于“非常态”下原有道德规范失效与伦理经验失灵已成为当代伦理学无法回避的重要问题,一方面这是当代社会已成常态的不确定性风险的临界状态与集中展现,另一方面应对伦理风险的现代伦理学策略在高度形式化与手段理性化之下左支右绌,对确定性的型构不仅未能规避社会的伦理风险,反而逼促不确定性伦理风险滋生肆虐。这一状况究其根源是现代社会不确定性特质与现代伦理学范式“两极化”发展后果的双重风险叠加,现代伦理学是遗忘与忽视“附近”的伦理学,过度聚焦孤独的“个体”和趋向遥远的“实体”是其结构性问题的一体两面,“极近”与“极远”的视差致使伦理探究视域的“附近”隐匿和消失。重返与面向道德生活世界的“附近”,重塑与我们每个人临在的道德空间和直接交往互动的“邻人”的内在伦理联系,关注个体德性培养的具体实践过程,从而为当代伦理学提供一个伦理感知和道德感动的坚实基点,提供一种当代伦理理论建构及走出“非常态”的新视域。In a “non-normal” societal state, the failure of existing moral norms and the breakdown of ethical experience have become issues that contemporary ethics cannot avoid. On one hand, this is a display of the uncertainty risks that have become the norm in contemporary society. On the other hand, contemporary ethics strategies for addressing ethical risks are hindered by excessive formalization and instrumental rationalization, contributing to the exacerbation of uncertainty ethical risks instead of mitigating societal ethical risks. This predicament is rooted in the dual risks resulting from the “polarized” development of uncertain characteristics specific to modern society and the paradigm of contemporary ethics. Forgotten and neglected is the “ethics of proximity,” as modern ethics excessively focuses on the isolated “individual” and tends towards the remote “entity,” which forms an integrated structural problem. The divergence between the “extremely close” and the “extremely distant” leads to the disappearance of the “proximity” in the ethical exploration vision. Returning to the “proximity” of the moral life world, reshaping the ethical connections of the “neighbors” with whom each of us interacts directly, and focusing on the specific practical processes of individual moral cultivation can provide contemporary ethics with a strong foundation for ethical perception and moral inspiration. This offers a new perspective for contemporary ethical theoretical construction and an avenue for transcending the “non-normal” state.

关 键 词：非常态 不确定性 伦理风险 现代伦理学 “附近” 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]