外资进入与女性就业——基于就业率和性别工资差距的双重视角  

Foreign Capital Entry and Female Employment: Dual Perspectives of Employment Rate and Gender Wage Gap

作　　者：赵玉焕[1] 郑璐 祝靖之 张芊芊 ZHAO Yu-huan;ZHENG Lu;ZHU Jing-zhi;ZHANG Qian-qian(School of Management and Economics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081,China;Xinya College,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China;China Mobile Online Services Company,Zhengzhou Henan,450000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学管理与经济学院,北京100081 [2]清华大学新雅书院,北京100084 [3]中移在线服务有限公司,郑州450000

出　　处：《西北人口》2024年第4期44-59,共16页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金一般项目“北京市出口贸易的经济利益和环境成本研究”(17JDYJB010)。

摘　　要：在中国性别就业差异逐渐扩大的背景下,探讨吸引和利用外商直接投资能否为提高女性就业比例和缩小性别工资差距提供新的动力,对实现中国劳动力市场性别平等、共享对外开放成果至关重要。基于1998~2021年中国省际面板数据和中国家庭收入调查数据库,从就业率和性别工资差距的双重视角出发,实证分析外资进入对中国女性就业的影响及其机制,并考察外资进入速度的调节效应。研究结果表明,外资进入能够提高女性就业率和缩小性别工资差距。异质性分析表明,以独资方式进入的外商直接投资和来自欧美国家的外商直接投资更有助于提高女性就业率和缩小性别工资差距;同时,外资进入对女性就业的积极作用在私营内资企业、高性别平等化地区、东部地区以及第三产业中影响更大。影响机制结果表明,增加市场竞争程度和促进技术进步是外资进入能够提高女性就业率和缩小性别工资差距的主要渠道。从调节效应上看,过快的外资进入速度减缓了外资进入对提高女性就业率和缩小性别工资差距的积极影响。因此,应通过完善市场竞争机制、提高企业技术水平、合理把控外资进入速度等措施,充分发挥外资进入对提高女性就业率和缩小性别工资差距的重要作用。研究结果为促进女性共享对外开放成果和经济可持续发展提供了新思路。With the gradually widening gender employment gap in China,it is crucial to explore whether attracting and utilizing foreign direct investment could provide a new impetus for increasing the female employment rate and nar-rowing the gender wage gap,in order to realize gender equality in China's labor market and share the achievements of opening up.From the dual perspectives of employment rate and gender wage gap,this study empirically analyzes the impact of foreign capital entry on female employment and its mechanism based on the provincial panel data of China during 1998-2021 and the China Household Income Survey database,and examines the moderating effect of the speed of foreign capital entry.The results show that foreign capital entry could increase female employment rate and narrow gender wage gap in China.Heterogeneity analyses show that foreign direct investment entering as wholly-owned and foreign direct investment from Europe and the United States are more conducive to increasing female employment and reducing the gender wage gap.And,the promotion effects of foreign capital entry on female employment are greater in privately owned domestic enterprises,high gender equalization regions,eastern regions,and the tertiary industry.The results of impact mechanisms suggest that increasing the degree of market competition and promoting technological progress are the channels by which foreign capital entry could increase the female employment rate and narrow the gen-der wage gap.In terms of moderating effect,the excessive speed of foreign capital entry slows down the promotion of foreign capital entry on increasing the female employment rate and reducing the gender wage gap.Therefore,the impor-tant role of foreign capital entry in increasing female employment rate and narrowing gender wage gap should be fully utilized through measures such as improving the market competition mechanism,improving the technological level of enterprises,and rationally controlling the speed of foreign capital entry.The results of this st

关 键 词：外资进入 女性就业 就业率 性别工资差距 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F832.6[经济管理—国民经济]