自然选择副现象论及其因果决定的限度与反思  

The Epiphenomenalism of Natural Selection and Its Reflections on the Limitations of Causal Determination

作　　者：柯文涌 陈丽 KE Wen-yong;CHEN Li(College of Marxism,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Center for Agriculture History Study,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Faculty of Political Theory,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学农业历史研究中心,武汉430070 [3]海军工程大学政治理论系,武汉430033

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第5期53-59,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“西方心灵哲学中自然主义的弱化走向研究”(17CZX047);湖南省教育科学“十三五”规划重点课题“湖南省中小学教师职业压力状况调查与应对策略研究”(JJ194286);湖南省哲学社会科学基金重点项目“基于正念干预的教师压力管理创新研究”(19ZDB015)。

摘　　要：自然选择通常被预设了意向地作用于机体表型特征的因果力。自然选择副现象论否认自然选择和与其连在一起的目的论的因果实在性。有鉴于此,它把病原学功能当作目的论自然化基础,通过高阶因果还原取消自然选择的因果力。魏斯曼模型抽取于魏斯曼切鼠尾巴案例,它被解读为提供了一条用表观因果干预的方法论证自然选择副现象论的经验因果进路。由于心灵哲学中的随附性概念恰好刻画了魏斯曼模型的共时性因果发生程序,它因此被借以论证表观因果作用的无效性。即便如此,自然选择副现象论并不能完全说明个体性机体何以适应性演化的问题,因为目的论因果有其不同于随附性因果的历时性因果发生程序,这决定了自然选择副现象论的因果决定限度。Epiphenomenalism of natural selection,as a form of causal skepticism,attempts to eliminate the ontological status of natural selection and thereby denies the associated teleological reality.Giving that,the Weismann model,abstracted from classical experimental cases in Weismann's study of biological heredity,applies the supervenience paradigm from philosophy of mind to the causal investigation and interpretation of the epigenetic traits of individual organisms in this model.Thus,from this perspective,the naturalized foundation of teleology in the epiphenomenalism of natural selection lies in the etiological functional explanations.However,as a synchronic causal process,it fails to fully elucidate the organism's adaptive process in terms of how individual organisms adapt.Teleological causation has its corresponding diachronic causal processes,and,similarly,the epiphenomenalism of natural selection shouldhaveits limitationsincausal determination.

关 键 词：自然选择 副现象论 随附性 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]