行动的因果解释与逻辑解释  

Explanations of Action:Causal Explanations versus Logical Explanations

作　　者：熊霓 XIONG Ni(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第5期60-66,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中国人民大学哲学院科研基金资助项目“行动因果理论研究及其在实践推理中的应用”(21XNH95)。

摘　　要：关于行动解释的理论主要分为因果论和目的论,因果论认为行动的理由是原因,而目的论则反对用因果关系作为理由与行动的媒介;因果论面临“因果链偏离”问题,而目的论为行动的解释提供了一种非因果的解释,对行动的解释需诉诸行动的目的,并且通过行动者的实际推理的逻辑有效性作为理由确定性的标准,但它仍然存在“因果倒置”的困境。因果论与目的论是两类不同的解释,后者无法还原为前者。从行动的结构和性质来看,对行动的解释既可以是因果论的也可以是目的论的。Theories of explanation about actions are mainly divided into causal theory of action(abbreviated:CTA)and teleologicalism.CTA considers the reason for action to be the cause,while teleologicalism rejects the use of causality as the mediator between reason and action.CTA faces the problem of deviant causal chains,whereas teleologicalism offers a non-causal explanation of action,stating that the explanation of action requires reference to the purpose of the action and the logical validity of the agent's actual reasoning as the criterion for the validity of the reason,but that it still suffers from the dilemma of the"reversal of cause and effect".CTA and teleologicalism are two different types of explanation,and the latter is not reducible to the former.From the point of view of the structure and nature of action,the explanation of action can be either causal or teleological.

关 键 词：行动因果论 目的论 行动的解释 因果解释 逻辑解释 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]