理性的批判:康德第一批判“方法论”的教育学意义  

Critique of Reason: The Pedagogical Significance of Kant’s First Critique of “Methodology”

作　　者：陈得军[1] CHEN Dejun(College of Education Science,Xinjiang Normal University,Wulumuqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学教育科学学院,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第3期44-56,共13页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题国家一般项目(BAA230046);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22XJJA88001)。

摘　　要：康德在纯粹理性的训练中,通过消极教育方式,培养学习者谦虚的态度和真诚的品质,超越了独断论和怀疑论的思维方式,完成了对学习者批判思维方式的培育。在纯粹理性的法规中,通过积极教育方式,完成了学习者的自我训练,学习者在对幸福的追求中实现了自然世界与道德世界的统一。纯粹理性的建筑术为我们思考教育科学的目的和教育艺术的原则提供了一个系统性视角,“人的全部规定和使命”是教育科学的最终目的与教育艺术的原则。纯粹理性的历史再次保证了只有批判的道路才能实现对学习者理性的批判,引导学习者走出理性的自然状态,为学习者营造一个永久和平的生活状态。In the training of pure rationality,Kant cultivated the learners’humble attitude and sincere quality through the negative education mode,surpasses the dogmatic and suspicious thinking mode,and completed the cultivation of the learners’critical thinking mode.In the pure rational laws and regulations,through active education,learners complete self-training,achieving the unity of the natural world and the moral world in the pursuit of happiness.The purely rational architecture provides a systematic perspective for us to think about the aim of educational science and the principle of educational art.“The whole stipulation and mission of human being”is the ultimate aim of educational science and the principle of educational art.The history of pure rationality once again guarantees that only the critical path can realize the criticism of learners’rationality,guide learners out of the natural state of rationality,and create a permanent and peaceful life for learners.

关 键 词：康德 理性 消极教育方式 积极教育方式 批判的路径 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]