即时通讯记录认证规则体系考察:基于类型厘定的逻辑前提  

Investigation of Authentication Rule System for Instant MessagingRecords: Logical Premise Based on Typology

作　　者：陈浩[1] CHEN Hao(Law School,Yantai University,Yantai,Shandong,264005)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期121-131,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“数字司法中法官诉讼关照义务研究”(23YJA820003);山东省本科教学改革研究重点项目“自驱成长型‘一核五驱’模拟法庭实训教学创新研究”(Z2022337)。

摘　　要：类型研究是鉴识事物内部层次的研究。深化证据类型探究并对应构建证据规则是实现科学认证的前提。目前,学界对即时通讯记录主体、语境、语言、保存方式等层面的研讨不足,类型研究匮乏;实务中则存在专属性认证规则缺位的问题,针对即时通讯记录证据的立法长期停滞于“地位合法”的“形式合法化”阶段,法官认证广泛存在“不宜作直接证据”“不宜作证据”“不可作证据”等矛盾观点。即时通讯记录是由不同标准划分的不同类别证据构成的证据体系,现有的概括性立法容易忽视该类证据的内部类型差异,无法解决通讯主体身份鉴真、通讯内容隐私保护、非文字符号意思表示解读等问题。故此,脱离概括性、形式化立法,选取主体鉴真性、语境公开性、内容保存性、语言规范性等标准对即时通讯记录进行类型化梳理并配置差异化的认证规则,将有助于该类证据的准确认定。在该过程中,构建可靠性认定规则、隐私权保护规则、分类规制及专家语义解读规则等针对即时通讯记录的“专属认定规则”,能够切实助力该类证据尽快实现“地位合法→认证科学”的“实质合法化”。Typology research is a scientific study that identifies the internal structures of things.A profound study of evidence types and the corresponding construction of evidence rules can be called a prerequisite for achieving scientific authentication.At present,there is insufficient research on the attributes of instant messaging recording subjects,context,language,and storage methods,as well as a lack of research on types and specialized authentication rules.This situation has led to the secular stagnation of research in the“formal legitimacy stage”,and there are conflicting views on judge certification,such as“not suitable as direct evidence”,“not suitable as evidence”and“cannot be used as evidence”.Instant messaging records are a system of evidence consisting of different categories.General legislation cannot solve the problems of identity authentication,such as authentication of the subject,privacy protection,and identification of non-literal symbols.In the future,constructing“exclusive authentication rules”such as reliability identification rules,privacy protection rules,proposing command rules and expert semantic interpretation rules above classification can truly achieve standardized authentication,and promote the“substantial legalization”research of this evidence through“legal status→scientific authentication”.

关 键 词：即时通讯录 可靠性认定规则 隐私权保护规则 提出命令规则 专家语义解读规则 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]