汉魏晋时期墓葬中随葬瓦当现象探讨  

Exploration of the Phenomenon of Tile-ends as Burial Accessories in the Tombs of the Han,Wei,and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：徐沂蒙 万文君 Xu Yimeng;Wan Wenjun

机构地区：[1]辽宁省文物考古研究院 [2]北京市文物进出境鉴定所

出　　处：《北方文物》2024年第3期68-78,共11页Northern Cultural Relics

摘　　要：在汉魏晋时期墓葬出土瓦当的情形中,有一类是作为随葬品特地放入墓葬中的。通过对发掘报告及墓葬平面图的分析,搜集到汉到魏晋时期有意识随葬瓦当的墓葬四十余座。研究发现,这种随葬瓦当的现象出现于东汉早期,东汉晚期达到高峰,曹魏西晋仍有余音,洛阳地区为其分布中心。东汉时期,随葬瓦当的墓主应多为平民、中下层官吏等;魏晋提倡薄葬,瓦当随葬出现于一些规格较高的大型墓葬中。通过随葬瓦当在墓葬中的位置、纹饰、形制及文献记载推测,随葬瓦当在丧葬礼仪中应是社会中下层囿于身份使用的玉璧替代品,起到敛尸的作用。Among the unearthed Tile-ends in the tombs of the Han,Wei,and Jin Dynasties,there is a category specifically placed as burial accessories.Through analyzing the excavation report and the burial plan,more than forty burials were collected from the Han to Wei and Jin Dynasties that were consciously buried with tile-ends.The study finds that this phenomenon of burying tile-ends as accessories emerged in the early Eastern Han Dynasty,peaked in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,and persisted into the Cao Wei and Western Jin periods,with Luoyang being the distribution center.The tomb owners who buried tile-ends as accessories during the Eastern Han Dynasty were mostly commoners or lower-ranking officials,while during the Wei-Jin period,tile-ends appeared in some large-scale tombs with higher specifications,reflecting the promotion of simple-burial custom.Through the analysis of the positioning,decorations,forms,and literary records of the tile-ends buried with the deceased,it is inferred that these tile-ends served as substitutes for jade bi,which were used by the lower social strata in funeral rituals,playing a role in containing the corpse.

关 键 词：瓦当 玉璧 东汉 魏晋 薄葬 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K871.42[历史地理—历史学]