论阿尔都塞的再生产理论及其当代价值  

On Althusser’s Theory of Reproduction and Its Contemporary Value

作　　者：王雨辰[1] WANG Yu-chen(School of Philosophy,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期19-27,F0003,共10页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(22AZD090);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项一般项目(2022JZDZ019)。

摘　　要：阿尔都塞的再生产理论是以马克思的社会形态理论为基础,探讨资本主义生产方式的再生产,并把理论重点放到分析资本主义生产关系的再生产是如何实现的问题上,强调不能把资本主义生产关系归结为一种产权关系或法律关系,认为资本主义生产关系的本质是一种剥削关系。为了揭示资本主义生产关系的再生产是如何实现的,阿尔都塞分析了法、国家和意识形态国家机器的本质和功能,把国家划分为“镇压性国家机器”和“意识形态国家机器”,认为“镇压性国家机器”为“意识形态国家机器”发挥作用提供了政治保障,“意识形态国家机器”在当前主要是通过教育国家机器培育公民必备的劳动技能和伦理道德价值观,实现资本主义生产关系再生产的,形成了“意识形态国家机器理论”的理论创新。阿尔都塞再生产理论从理论目的维度上看,是为了解决上层建筑反作用于经济基础的中介问题;从实践目的维度上看,是为了强调意识形态斗争在西方的社会主义革命中的重要性。阿尔都塞在要求重视意识形态斗争的同时,必须始终坚持马克思主义经济基础决定上层建筑这一基本原理,以避免革命中的主观唯心主义和冒险主义的错误。阿尔都塞的再生产理论具有与西方马克思主义重视上层建筑和意识形态问题研究的理论共性,又具有自己的特质和独到的理论贡献。Althussers theory of reproduction,based on Marxs theory of social form,explores the reproduction of the capitalist mode of production and puts its theoretical emphasis on analysing how the reproduction of the capitalist relations of production is achieved,stressing that the capitalist relations of production cannot be reduced to a property relations or a legal relations,and arguing that the nature of the capitalist relations of production is an exploitative relationship.In order to reveal how the reproduction of capitalist relations of production is achieved,Althusser analyses the nature and function of law,the state and the ideological state apparatus,divides the state into the“repressive state apparatus”and the“ideological state apparatus”,and argues that the“repressive state apparatus”provides political guarantees for the functioning of the“ideological state apparatus”,At present,the“ideological state machine”is mainly realized through the educational state apparatus to cultivate citizens to form necessary labor skills and ethical values,thus realizing the reproduction of capitalist relations of production.From the theoretical dimension,althussers theory of reproduction was to solve the problem of the mediation of the superstructures reaction to the economic basis;from the practical dimension,it was to emphasize the importance of ideological struggle in socialist revolutions in the West.While demanding ideological struggle,Althusser must always adhere to the basic Marxist principle that the economic basis determines the superstructure in order to avoid the mistakes of subjective idealism and adventurism in the revolution.Althussers theory of reproduction has a theoretical commonality with Western Marxisms emphasis on the superstructure and ideological issues,and at the same time,it has its own idiosyncratic and unique theoretical contribution.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 社会形态理论 再生产理论 资本主义生产关系的再生产 镇压性国家机器与意识形态国家机器 

分 类 号：B565[哲学宗教—外国哲学]