乙酸乙酯皂化反应动力学和热力学的综合探究  

Comprehensive Research on Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Saponification Reaction of Ethyl Acetate

作　　者：陈小娟 张剑辉 沈勇 陈六平 CHEN Xiao-Juan;ZHANG Jian-Hui;SHEN Yong;CHEN Liu-Ping(School of Chemistry,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学化学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第12期17-24,共8页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：中山大学本科教学改革研究与质量工程项目(2023)。

摘　　要：设计了乙酸乙酯皂化反应实验装置,采用电导法和量热法分别测定了恒温和绝热条件下乙酸乙酯皂化反应的速率常数和反应热效应,旨在揭示反应热效应对速率常数测定的影响。研究表明,在现有的恒温条件下进行动力学实验,能够获得可靠、精确的速率常数和活化能。通过反应热效应的测量实验获得了乙酸乙酯皂化的摩尔反应焓变,表明该皂化反应为放热反应;而实验和热力学分析结果指出,乙酸乙酯在标准条件下或纯水中的水解反应则是轻微的吸热反应。本工作能较好地引导学生对基本动力学实验进行深度思考并结合反应热力学分析,能够有效拓展学生思维,提高反应动力学实验项目的教学成效,促进学生综合研究能力的培养与提升。The experiment device for ethyl acetate saponification reaction is designed,and the reaction rate constants and the reaction heat effect under the isothermal and adiabatic conditions are measured respectively by conductivity and calorimetric method,aiming to reveal the influence of reaction heat effect on the measurement of rate constants.It is proved that reliable,precise rate constants and activation energy can be obtained through kinetic experiments under current thermostatical condition.The molar reaction enthalpy of ethyl acetate saponification determined by reaction heat effect experiments indicates the saponification reaction is exothermic,while the thermodynamic analysis results show that the hydrolyzation of ethyl acetate under the standard condition or in pure water is slightly endothermic.This work can guide students to think deeply about basic kinetic experiments and to analyze further with reaction thermodynamics,which can effectively expand students'thinking,promote improvement of experimental teaching effect of the reaction kinetic subject,and enhance students'comprehensive research ability.

关 键 词：皂化反应 速率常数 量热法 物理化学实验 综合探究 

分 类 号：O621.256.5-4[理学—有机化学] G642[理学—化学]