水氮运筹对小麦光合物质生产和产量的影响  

Add to Favorite Effects of water and nitrogen management on photosynthetic matter production and yield of wheat

作　　者：崔振坤 于振文[1] 石玉[1] 张永丽[1] 张振 CUI Zhenkun;YU Zhenwen;SHI Yu;ZHANG Yongli;ZHANG Zhen(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory of Wheat Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai'an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/小麦育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第6期1564-1572,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-18);泰山学者工程专项经费资助。

摘　　要：黄淮海地区水资源紧缺以及氮肥不合理施用制约着小麦产量和水肥利用效率的协同提高。本研究采用两因素裂区设计,主区为3个灌溉水平:在小麦拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量均分别补灌至65%(W_(1))、75%(W_(2))和85%(W_(3));副区为4个施氮量:施纯氮0(N_(0))、150(N_(1))、180(N_(2))和210(N_(3))kg·hm^(-2),分析不同水氮运筹方式对小麦花后光合物质生产能力、籽粒产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:小麦产量随灌溉水平和施氮量的提高呈增加趋势,W_(2)N_(2)处理具有较高的籽粒产量,为9103.53 kg·hm^(-2);继续增加水氮投入对小麦产量无显著影响。在相同施氮量条件下,与W_(1)相比,W_(2)条件下小麦花后冠层光截获率、叶绿素相对含量和实际光化学效率分别平均提高了4.5%~6.0%、19.7%~28.2%和7.5%~9.8%,与W_(3)相比均无显著差异。同一灌溉水平下,N_(2)处理花后干物质积累量较N_(0)和N_(1)处理分别平均增加80.1%~88.9%和16.7%~22.2%,与N_(3)处理间无显著差异。小麦灌溉水利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均表现为随灌溉水平和施氮量的增加而降低,W_(1)、W_(2)和W_(3)处理下小麦灌溉水利用效率分别为16.23、11.01和7.91 kg·hm^(-2)·m^(-3),N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)处理下氮肥偏生产力分别为50.8%、48.4%和42.5%。综上,在测墒补灌条件下,综合考虑小麦产量和水氮利用效率,小麦拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至75%协同施氮180 kg·hm^(-2)(W_(2)N_(2))是该地区小麦节水节肥、高产高效的最优水氮运筹方式。The shortage of water resources and the irrational application of nitrogen fertilizer restrict the synergistic enhancement of yield and water-and fertilizer-use efficiencies of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.In this study,we conducted an experiment following two-factor split zone design with three irrigation levels and four nitrogen application rates.The relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was supplemented to 65%(W_(1)),75%(W_(2)),and 85%(W_(3))of field water capacity at the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat.The rates of nitrogen application were 0(N_(0)),150(N_(1)),180(N_(2)),and 210(N_(3))kg·hm^(-2).We analyzed the effects of these different managements on post-anthesis photosynthetic matter production,yield,and water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies.The results showed that yield first increased with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application,peaking under the W_(2)N_(2) treatment(9103.53 kg·hm^(-2)).However,further increases in water and nitrogen input did not have further enhancement of wheat yield.Under the same nitrogen application condition,compared with W_(1) treatment,the canopy light interception rate,chlorophyll relative content and actual photochemical efficiency after anthesis increased by 4.5%-6.0%,19.7%-28.2%,and 7.5%-9.8%in response to the W_(2) treatment,respectively,without any difference between the W_(2) and W_(3) irrigation levels.At the same irrigation level,post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in repose to the N_(2) treatment increased by 80.1%-88.9% and 16.7%-22.2% compared with N_(0) and N_(1) treatments,respectively,without significant difference between the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments.Both the irrigation water-use efficiency(IWUE)and the nitrogen partial factor productivity declined with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application.Under the W_(1),W_(2),and W_(3) treatments,the values obtained for IWUE were 16.23,11.01,and 7.91 kg·hm^(-2)·m^(-3),respectively,whereas in response to the N_(1),N_(2),and N_(3) treatments,N partial

关 键 词：冬小麦 光合物质生产 干物质转运 产量 高产高效 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]