面向生态环境复苏的生态流量优化计算研究  

Quantitative Calculation&Optimization of Ecological Flow for Eco-environmental Recovery

作　　者：韩会玲[1] 张剑[2] 朱晓娟 付意成[2] 李轩[1] HAN Huiling;ZHANG Jian;ZHU Xiaojuan;FU Yicheng;LI Xuan(Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Langfang Development Research Center of Water Conservancy and Plan,Langfang 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071001 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]廊坊市水利规划发展研究中心,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2024年第S01期235-247,共13页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：2020年廊坊市科技计划项目:基于自然理念的河流生态流量确定方法研究及应用(2020029024);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07105-002);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC04014-08)

摘　　要：当前多数中小河流的水环境状况不容乐观,亟需开展河道的生态环境复苏工作,在河流生态流量确定过程中也存在计算方法不易推广和生态因子难以量化的问题。面向河道生境最大程度改善的河流生态复苏通常以水量保障和水环境改善为基础,并且也是对基于自然解决方案(NbS)中自然化修复理念的有效落实。为满足北方缺水河流的生态水量要求,该研究选取指示物种,借助二维水动力栖息地模拟模型和Penman-Monteith公式,开展恢复河流功能自然化、实现河流径流自然过程的研究。首先以恢复河流自然状态为目标,并以龙河作为典型河流在时空尺度开展指示物种-生态流量计算,得出相应生态流量及年最小生态需水量。然后以生态幅范围广且易于捕获的麦穗鱼为指示物种,开展产卵期(4-6月)、幼鱼期(7-11月)和成长期(12-3月)最适生态流量确定,3个时段对应的流量分别为3.22、4.30和10.81 m^(3)/s,典型河段芦苇的最小年生态需水量为1.51万m^(3)。计算结果均能满足陆域和水体指示物种的生理需水要求。以NbS为基础的生态流量计算方法适用范围广、结果代表性强,可用于流量小、流速低的北方中小河流的生态流量计算,利于实现河湖生态环境复苏。At present,the health of the water ecosystems in most small and medium-sized river is worrying,and the protection and restoration of the natural ecology is prominent.The current difficulties in determining the ecological flow of rivers in northern China are the poor pertinence of methods and insufficient consideration of ecological factors.The ecological protection behavior based on Nature-based Solutions(NbS)is a key factor affecting the water ecological health,which is closely related to the regional water resources endowment and ecological protection goal.With help of physical habitat simulation and Penman-Monteith formula,the indicator species were selected to research the natural process of restoring river function and realizing river runoff.To restore the natural state of the river,taking Longhe as a typical river to carry out the ecological flow calculations at the time level.The corresponding ecological flow and annual minimum ecological water demand was obtained.The results showed that the ecological basic flow required for the oviposition period(4-6),the larval stage(7-11)and the developmental age(12-3)of pseudorasbora parva in the Long River(typical section)were 3.22,4.30 and 10.81 m^(3)/s,respectively.The minimum annual ecological water requirement of reed is 15,100 m3.The calculation results can meet the physiological water requirements of land and water indicator species.The ecological flow calculation method based on NbS can be used to calculate the ecological flow of small and medium-sized northern rivers.

关 键 词：生态环境复苏 NBS 生态流量 需水量 龙河 

分 类 号：X26[环境科学与工程—环境科学]